Al'KIL 1, 1922] 



NA TURE 



429 



University and Educational Intelligence. 



Leeds. — The chair of civil and mechanical engi- 

 neering in the University of Leeds vi^ill shortly be 

 vacant owing to the resignation of Prof. J . Goodman^ 

 who has held the chair since 1890. Prof. Goodman 

 proposes to give his time to research, and the Uni- 

 versity Council has assigned to him accommodation 

 for this purpose. 



London. — Dr. C. A. Pannett has been appointed to 

 the University Chair of Surgery tenable at St. Mary's 

 Hospital Medical School. In 1920-21 Dr. Pannett 

 was Hunterian Lecturer at the Royal College of 

 Surgeons. He is the author of numerous papers on 

 surgical operations and research. 



Dr. C. A. Lovatt Evans has been appointed to 

 the University Chair of Physiology tenable at St. 

 Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College. He has 

 carried out research work at the NationaL Institute 

 for Medical Research, at Freiburg, and at Cambridge ; 

 and is. the author of numerous papers on Experi- 

 mental and Chemical Physiology." 



Dr. G. B. JefEery has been appointed to the 

 University Chair of Mathematics tenable at King's 

 College. Since 1912 Dr. Jeffery has been Assistant 

 in the Department of Applied Mathematics at 

 University College, and was Acting Head of the 

 Department from 1914 to 191 7, in respect of which 

 appointment the Senate conferred on him the title 

 of Reader in Applied Mathematics. He has con- 

 ducted research work in the Theory of Special 

 Functions, Hydrodynamics, Elasticity, and the 

 Theory of Relativity. 



A resolution has been adopted by the Senate 

 expressing great gratification at the establishment 

 by the Worshipful Company of Cutlers of five Scholar- 

 ships of 90/. a year for two years, to be awarded, on 

 the recommendation of the Senate, to suitable 

 candidates who have passed Part I. of the Final 

 Examination for the B.Com. Degree and undertake 

 to enter for Part II. These Scholarships will be 

 " open for competition by young men of British 

 nationality who intend to adopt a commercial, 

 engineering, or metallurgical career, and propose to 

 pursue the study of some foreign language or languages 

 in France or Spain or such other country as may from 

 time to time be approved by the Company." 



The following Doctorates have been conferred : — 

 D.Sc. in Geology: Mr. L. M. Parsons, an Internal 

 Student, of the Imperial College — Royal College of 

 Science, for a Thesis entitled " Dolomitization in the 

 Carboniferous Limestone of the Midlands." D.Sc. 

 in Physics: Miss A. C. Davies, an Internal Student, 

 of Royal Holloway College, for a Thesis entitled 

 " The Minimum Electron Energies Associated with 

 the Excitation of the Spectra of Helium." D.Sc. 

 ■in Physiology : Miss E. E. Hewer, an Internal Student, 

 of Bedford College, for a Thesis entitled " Some 

 Functions of the Suprarenal Glands." 



Manchester. — Prof. Arthur Lapworth, who has 

 been, since 1913, professor of Organic Chemistry in 

 the University, has been appointed Sir Samuel Hall 

 profes.sor of Chemistry and Director of the Chemical 

 Laboratories in succession to Prof. H. B. Dixon. 



Prof K. H. Vickers, professor of modern history 

 in the University of Durham (Armstrong College, 

 Newcastle), has been appointed Principal of Univer- 

 sity College, Southampton, in succession to Prof. 

 Loveday, now Vice-Chancellor of the University of 

 Bristol. 



NO. 2735, VOL. 109] 



Calendar of Industrial Pioneers. " 



March 30, 1856. Sir William Symonds died. — 

 Entering the Royal Navy in 1794, Symonds at the 

 conclusion of the Napoleonic wars turned his attention 

 to naval construction and in 1825 was permitted 

 to build the brig H.M.S. Columbine, the success of 

 which led to his appointment in 1823 as Surveyor 

 of the Navy. During the succeeding fifteen years 

 he was responsible for the design of over two hundred 

 vessels. He introduced various improvements leading 

 to greater speed, more stability, and increased stowage. 



March 30, 1882. William Menelaus died. — Trained 

 in Scotland as a millwright, Menelaus rose to be 

 engineer and manager of the Dowlais Iron Works 

 in South Wales, where some of the earliest work was 

 done in connection with the Bessemer process of 

 making steel. He served as President of the Iron 

 and Steel Institute, and in 1881 was awarded the 

 Bessemer Medal. 



March 31, 1776. John Bird died. — One of the 

 most famous astronomical instrument-makers of the 

 eighteenth century. Bird began life as a cloth-weaver 

 in the north of England. Coming to London in 1740 

 he worked for Sisson, and with Graham's assistance in 

 1745 he set up in business in the Strand. He intro- 

 duced improved methods of dividing instruments, 

 and supplied mural quadrants to Greenwich and to 

 many of the continental observatories. He also 

 constructed the standard yard measures kept in the 

 House of Commons till destroyed in the fire of 1834. 



March 31, 1846. Andreas Kurtz died. — Bom in 

 1 78 1 in Reutlingen, in Wurtemberg, Kurtz as a 

 boy found his way to Paris, where he worked in the 

 factories and gained an intimate knowledge of 

 practical chemistry. After Napoleon's downfall he 

 settled in England, and erected works in Manchester, 

 Liverpool, and St. Helens. 



April I, 19 10. Frederick Wicks died. — Known as 

 one of the pioneers in the development of rapid and 

 accurate type-casting and composing macliinery, 

 Wicks took out his first patent in 1879, but it was not 

 till twenty years afterwards he achieved success. 

 In 1900 the Times was printed from new type supphed 

 fresh every day from a Wicks rotary machine. 



April 3, 1667. Edward Somerset, Marquis of 

 Worcester, died. — A zealous adherent to the cause of 

 King Charles I., Somerset after the king's fall resided 

 in France for a time, but returning to England was 

 confined in the Tower. At the Restoration he 

 recovered his estates and then gave himself up to 

 mechanical experiments. In 1663 he published his 

 " Century of Inventions," in which is to be found 

 his plans for a steam pump, " an admirable and most 

 forcible way to drive up water by fire." 



April 3, 1 87 1. James Sheridan Muspratt died. — 

 A son of the founder of the alkali industry in Lanca- 

 sliire, Muspratt studied under Graham and Liebig, 

 spent some years on the continent, made various 

 chemical discoveries, and in 1848 estabhshed the 

 Liverpool School of Chemistry. He was the author 

 of a standard " Dictionary of Chemistry." 



April 4, 1861. Sir James Caleb Anderson died. — 

 Anderson took out several patents in connection 

 with steam navigation and locomotives, and was well 

 known as one of the early experimenters with steam 

 road carriages. 



April 4, 1883. Peter Cooper died. — One of the 

 first constructors of locomotives in the United States, 

 Cooper had large engineering works in Baltimore, 

 and was the founder of the Cooper Institute in New 

 York, where some 3000 students are trained in the 

 mathematical and natural sciences. e_ q s. 



