798 



NATURE 



[June 17, 1922 



of his subject had been such as to secure the unanimous 

 vote that he had passed his trials summa cum laude. 

 Prof. Morgan was then " capped " amid enthusiastic 

 applause. 



By the will of the late Mr. H. Musgrave, of Belfast, 

 who died on January 2, the sum of about 50,000/. 

 has been bequeathed to Queen's University, Belfast, 

 and 2000/. to the Royal Academical Institution, 

 Belfast. 



The summer meeting of the Association of Science 

 Teachers will be held at Oxford on Saturday, July 8. 

 A business meeting will be held in the morning, and 

 in the afternoon there will be a lecture by Mr. A. F. 

 Walden, New College, Oxford. 



It is announced in the Chemiker Zeitung that Dr. 

 Fr. Quincke, director of the Rhenania, Aachen, has 

 been appointed professor of technical chemistry at 

 the Technische Hochschule, Hanover, in place of 

 Prof. Ost, who has retired ; and Prof. Adolf Sieverts 

 of Greifswald has become professor of chemistry at 

 the University of Frankfort-on-Main. 



The new School of Public Health, which will be 

 opened at Harvard University next September, is 

 offering several fellowships of 1200 dollars each for 

 the year 1922-23. Well-qualified students working 

 for doctorates or wishing to do a definite piece of 

 research will be given special consideration. Appli- 

 cations for these fellowships should reach the Secretary 

 of the School of Public Health, 240 Longwood 

 Avenue, Boston 17, Massachusetts, not later than 

 August I. 



A FAR-REACHING scheme for industrial training was 

 recently adopted by the Convocation of the University 

 of London. Put shortly, the proposal is that the 

 University should co-operate with the City Guilds 

 and cognate bodies in the selection of Boards dealing 

 with their respective trades, and that these Boards 

 should seek, among the workers themselves, shrewd 

 men and women of intelligence, skill, and savoir faire 

 to deal with apprentices, learners, and improvers, 

 bestowing upon them a kind of parental care and 

 watching over their health, their progress, and their 

 interests generally ; that such trainers should find 

 a place in every workshop and in every factory, and 

 should receive recognition at the hands of the Guilds 

 and of the University as a reward for the fostering 

 care extended to their pupils ; that the industrial 

 classes are well able to supply such persons, men 

 and women, in numbers sufficient to impress their 

 mark upon the rising' generation of workers, and 

 that such might be designated University teachers, 

 trainers, or tutors in their special trades, receiving a 

 diploma to that effect, while, to apt and industrious 

 pupils, the term University pupil, scholar, or student 

 might be accessible with a corresponding diploma or 

 certificate. In the report of the committee which 

 accompanies the scheme, details of the various 

 activities of the University are given under six main 

 headings, and the thought arises, how can the Senate 

 bear the proposed increased burden ? Convocation 

 itself seems well fitted to bear it. Its members, 

 collected in suitable centres, would no doubt gladly 

 assist in so meritorious a movement if the University 

 should see fit to delegate the working out of the 

 proposed scheme to a strong central committee (or 

 delegacy), giving it powers to recognise local centres 

 and to entrust them with branch work of benefit 

 to the community. Such a delegacy might have its 

 headquarters at the University centre, and the Clerk 

 of Convocation could be its mouthpiece. It should 

 report annually (at least) to Convocation, and 

 through Convocation to the Senate, which might 

 give it authority to speak in the name of the University 

 on all matters relating to the scheme. 



NO. 2746, VOL. 109] 



' Calendar of Industrial Pioneers. 



June 17, 1881. James Starley died. — The son of a 

 Sussex farmer, Starley, in 1846, at the age of 15, 

 became gardener to John Penn, the marine engineer. 

 Afterwards he was employed by a London firm of 

 machinists, and in 1857 he brought out the " Euro- 

 pean " sewing machine ; subsequently he turned his 

 attention to bicycles at Coventry. To his persever- 

 ance and energy Coventry owes its position as the 

 centre of the cycle-making industry. A monument 

 was erected to him there in 1884. 



June 18, 1861. Eaton Hodgkinson died. — Known 

 for his valuable contributions to the study of the 

 strength of materials and for his discovery of the 

 " permanent set " and of the position of the neutral 

 axis in beams, Hodgkinson was born near Northwich 

 in 1789. In Manchester he received lessons from 

 Dalton, and while assisting his mother in business 

 began the researches which led to his co-operation 

 with Robert Stephenson and Fairbairn on their 

 experiments in connection with the Britannia Bridge. 



June 18, 1 912. Floris Osmond died. — A distin- 

 guished French metallurgist, Osmond was trained 

 at the licole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures, and 

 among other appointments he held was that of chief 

 chemist at Schnieder's works at Creusot. Here he 

 began his researches into the microscopical structures 

 of iron and steel. He left Creusot in 1884, settled in 

 Paris, and devoted himself to research, becoming the 

 founder of the allotropic school in metallography. 



June 19, 1898. Sir James Nicholas Douglass died. — 

 For thirty years Douglass was engineer-in-chief to 

 Trinity House, in which post he succeeded James 

 Walker. The Wolf lighthouse was built under his super- 

 vision during 1862-69 at a cost of 63,000/.; he also 

 designed the lighthouses on the Great Basses and Little 

 Basses, strengthened the Bishop's Rock lighthouse, 

 and during 1878-82 constructed the new lighthouse 

 which replaced Smeaton's tower on the Eddystone. 



June 19, 1915. Benjamin Franklin Isherwood died. 

 — Bom in New York City in October 1822, Isherwood 

 was one of the first officers in the Engineer Corps of 

 the United States Navy. He was a pioneer in 

 carrying out scientific trials of steam-engines, and 

 in 1859 published his " Engineering Precedents," 

 a valuable work dealing with the friction losses and 

 power of steam-engines. In 1861 he was raised 

 to the position of engineer-in-chief of the Navy, 

 a post he held till 1869. Recognised as the greatest 

 marine engineer America has produced, he was for 

 many years an honorary member of the American 

 Society of Mechanical Engineers. 



June 21, 1885. Henri Tresca died. — A student of 

 the ficole Polytechnique, and for a time an engineer 

 in the pubUc service, Tresca was principal inspector 

 of French exhibits at the Great Exhibition of 1851. 

 Afterwards he became a professor of the Conservatoire 

 des Arts et Metiers and served as president of the 

 Societe des Ingenieurs Civils. His labours were of 

 the highest importance to the industrial arts of 

 France, and included researches on the strength of 

 materials, the efficiency of machines, the flow of metals, 

 and the application of motive power. 



June 22, 1876. Robert Napier died. — Commencing 

 business in Glasgow as an engineer in 18 15, with a 

 capital of 50/. and a staff of two apprentices, Napier 

 became one of the leading shipbuilders on the Clyde, 

 and ultimately employed 3000 men. Of him Rankine 

 said : " Few, if any, did more to bring marine archi- 

 tecture to the degree of perfection it has reached ; 

 and by drawing students of practical engineering from 

 all quarters his building yard became a school of 

 instruction to the world." E. C. S. 



