10 



grade. The kind of information that is needed in institutes is the 

 latest and most advanced, and if the workers are to be able to fur- 

 nish it they must have had the advantage of superior training. The 

 best is none too good, and only the best is good enough. This means 

 that the force of teachers must be composed of capable men, thor- 

 oughly informed with respect to the sciences that affect agriculture 

 and with the details of practices that are most approved. No half- 

 educated scientist is fit to teach in such an institution, any more 

 than a half-trained classical scholar is fit to teach in the University 

 of Athens. 



The men and women attending such a school have had for the most 

 part much experience in practical agriculture and most of them have 

 more than ordinary education. They come not for general culture, 

 but for receiving instruction in some speciality in which they are 

 already well-informed. They are., therefore, in a sense post-grad- 

 uate students of agriculture so far as their specialities are con- 

 cerned. 



MUST TEACH SPECIALITIES. 



The school that is to be adapted to their wants will need to provide 

 for the teaching of numerous specialities. This will necessitate a 

 large faculty of expert specialists to give instruction, all of whom 

 should be teachers of experience. Specialities in institute work dif- 

 fer in character from those ordinarily taught as specialities in col- 

 lege. A man who lectures in the institutes on dairying is a specialist 

 in institute work. But in a training school for preparing men to 

 give instruction on dairying, there would be needed the services of 

 several specialists: One on bacteriology, one on chemistry, one on 

 animal physiology, one on animal nutrition, one on the management 

 of milk and cream and one on butter and cheese; all experts, whose 

 special qualifications are needed to train the institute lecturer who 

 is to make the giving of dairy instruction a speciality. A similar 

 force of experts will be needed for the proper training of specialists 

 along other lines, thus requiring a large number of skilled teachers 

 to properly equip such a school. 



ORGANIZATION OF A NORMAL SCHOOL. 



How shall such a school be organized? Experiments in normal 

 school work for institute workers have thus far been confined to 

 assisting the lecturers and have not included the other classes of 

 workers known as the managers or directors of the institutes, who, 

 as I have indicated, will be equally important features in the institute 

 of the future. The number of managers will greatly exceed that 

 of the lecture force by several times. Experiments thus far made 

 also show, with a reasonable degree of certainty, that no single state 



