22 



Progress of Population and Wealth 



on the other hand, must have gained greatly by immigration, as its 

 population nearly doubled in ten years, and thus its males, even be- 

 tween sixteen and twenty-six, somewhat exceeded its females. 



The number of white females between sixteen and forty-five was 

 813,193, equal to 18.9 per cent of the whole white population ; and 

 this may be regarded as the ordinary proportion which the married 

 and marriageable women in this country bear to the whole popula- 

 tion, though it will of course be somewhat affected by a change in 

 the rate of increase. 



The increase of the whole coloured population, which neither 

 gains nor loses much by migration, gives us very nearly the ratio of 

 increase by natural multiplication. Supposing this ratio to be the 

 same with the two races, then the further gain of the white popu- 

 lation must be referred to immigration. By this rule, the accession 

 to our numbers by foreign emigrants would be in ten years 3.45 

 per cent, equal to the difference between 35.68 and 32.23 per cent. 



The second census showed a very great difference in the rate of 

 increase among the different States. Thus, while the population of 

 Georgia and Vermont nearly doubled, and that of Kentucky and 

 Tennessee trebled in the ten years, that of Connecticut, of Dela- 

 ware, of Maryland and Rhode Island increased less than 10 per 

 cent. The difference was caused almost wholly by the flow of the 

 population from the States where it was most dense to those where 

 it was least so. 



Table showing the number and proportions of IVhites, Free Coloured, and Slaves, in the 

 slaveholding States, on the 1st of August, 1800. 



It thus appears that, in the slaveholding States, the white popula- 

 tion had gained a little on the whole coloured, and yet more on the 

 slaves, who, from being somewhat more than a third of the whole 

 population, were now somewhat less. 



