in the United States in Fifty Years. 71 



If those over forty-five be similarly compared, the centesimal 

 proportion will be as follows : 



1st. Of the Males, Percent. 



Whites, in 1800, 1810, and 1820, 11.91, 12.21, 12.39, average 12.17 

 Free coloured and slaves, in 1820 " 10.55 



Difference, 1.62 

 2nd. Of the Females, 



Whites, in 1800, 1810, and 1820,11.75,11.78,11.97, average 11.83 



Free coloured and slaves, in 1820 " 10.30 



Difference, 1.53 

 This relative gain of the whites after forty-five may seem at 

 first to indicate greater mortality in the coloured race in the later 

 periods of life. But when it is recollected that the whites gain 

 largely by those who migrate to this country, (sometimes, as we 

 shall see, more than ten per cent,) and that the coloured race, on 

 the contrary, lose somewhat by emigration, the influence of these 

 two causes might be expected to make a greater difference than 

 has been mentioned, if they were not counteracted by the greater 

 tenacity of life of persons of the coloured race when they have 

 passed middle age. 



Such a comparison, between the two races at a later period of 

 life, as we are able to make under the enumerations of 1830 and 

 1840, affords evidence of the same fact. Thus, by taking the pro- 

 portional mean between the whites over fifty and those over sixty, 

 we obtain the probable number over fifty-five, which we may then 

 compare with the numbers of the coloured race of that age, accord- 

 ing to actual enumeration. The number of white males over fifty- 

 five, by computation, was, in 1830, 568 per cent of the whole num- 

 ber ; and in 1840, 5.62 per cent. The number of white females in 

 1830, 5.84 per cent ; and in 1840, 5.86 per cent. The comparison, 

 therefore, between the whites and the coloured race past forty-five, 

 will be as follows : 



