in the United States in Fifty Years. 85 



Tears. Americans. Foreigners. 



1835 .... 3,320 45,444 



1836 .... 4,029 76,923 



1837 . . . . 3,813 79,205 



1838 .... 3,964 42,731 



1839 .... 4,171 70,494 



1840 .... 5,810 86,338 



Total . . . 30,883 574,996 



It appears, however, that this account, though far more accurate 

 than any preceding it, is not free from errors, some of which are 

 considerable. Thus, the numbers of foreigners in the preceding 

 statement for 1831 and 1832, are set down at 15,713 and 34,970, 

 making together 50,683 ; whereas the number who arrived in New 

 York alone in those years, was 80,328. If to this number we add 

 one-fourth for the ordinary proportion arriving at other ports, we 

 shall have 107,104, thus showing omissions in those two years 

 amounting to 56,421. The omissions in the subsequent years are 

 believed to be comparatively small. Correcting, then, these errors, 

 the whole number of emigrants who arrived at all the ports in the 

 United States from all parts of the world, between 1830 and 1840, 

 would be 631,417. Allowing the number of those who left New 

 York for Canada to be in the same proportion as before, that is, as 

 38,000 to 324,750, we have 58,690 for the number of persons thus 

 migrating in the whole ten years. Deducting this number, and 

 100,000 for the emigration of American citizens to Texas and 

 Canada, from 631,417, we have 472,727 for the whole gain to the 

 white population by immigration in the same period. 



To the number of foreign emigrants in the several decennial 

 terms, should be added their probable natural increase during each 

 term. If the number was the same every year of a decennial term, 

 and if the number of females was in the same proportion as in the 

 rest of the population, we might estimate the increase at half its 

 ordinary amount in ten years, or at about 16 per cent. But 

 as neither of these suppositions is true, let us adapt our estimate to 

 the varying circumstances. 



In the first place, as the number of foreign emigrants to the 

 United States progressively increases, and consequently is greater 

 in the last years of a decennial term than in the first, our estimate 

 of the increase of each term should be computed on a mean between 

 the number of emigrants of that term and of the preceding term. 



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