in the United States in Fifty Years. 87 



From 1810 to 1820- 



Increase, 20 per cent on 97,000 



From 1820 to 1830 — number of emigrants 

 Increase, 20 per cent on 157,000 



From 1830 to 1840 — number of emigrants 

 Increase, 20 per cent on 336,363 



114,000 

 19,400 



133,400 



200,000 

 31,400 



231,400 



472,727 

 67,273 



540,000 



Thus, while the whole population had, in fifty years, increased 

 about fourfold, the average annual immigration had increased more 

 than ninefold in the same time. So great and so disproportionate 

 an increase may seem to some improbable, but the deductions have 

 been made on so liberal a scale, that the preceding estimate, I am 

 persuaded, rather falls short of the truth than exceeds it. In truth, 

 the steady extension of our settlements into the western wilderness 

 continues to multiply the opportunities of buying land at prices as 

 low as ever, without being placed more beyond the benefits of 

 civilization and commerce? and the rapid growth of our cities and 

 manufacturing industry is constantly enlarging the field of employ- 

 ment for tradesmen and artizans. Whilst these circumstances pre- 

 sent to the indigent and enterprising foreigner more and more 

 points of attraction, the long peace in Europe seems to have given 

 a proportionate increase to the repellent force that is there felt. 

 Whether both these facts are likely long to continue, and though 

 they should, whether considerations political, moral, or economical, 

 may not induce the national legislature to check this tide of foreign 

 emigration, are among the uncertain problems of the future. 



Of that part of the coloured race who emigrate from the United 

 States, we have no means of estimating the number, except by 

 comparing the rate of increase in the last decennial terms with that 

 of the first term, when there were few emigrants of this description, 

 and when they were probably balanced by the Africans then im- 

 ported. In making this comparison, it is assumed that the rate of 

 natural increase has continued unchanged, which fact there seems 

 no reason to doubt, at least as to the six-sevenths who are slaves. 



From 1790 to 1800, the increase of the coloured population was 

 32.2 per cent, which, for the reasons mentioned, we consider to 

 indicate the rate of its natural increase in the United States. In 

 the next ten years, from 1800 to 1810, the increase was 37.6 per 

 cent; but in that time the increase was enhanced by the acquisition 



