88 Progress of Population and Wealth 



of Louisiana and by the increased importation of slaves, both on 

 account of the increased demand for them for the cultivation of 

 cotton and sugar, and because it was known that the further impor- 

 tation of them would cease after 1807. The accessions from these 

 combined causes, beyond what was lost by emigration, was 5.4 

 per cent on 1,001,430 persons, equal to 54,000. In the following 

 term, from 1810 to 1820, the increase declined to 29.6 per cent, 

 owing principally to the slaves who escaped to the British during 

 the war. From 1820 to 1830, it was 30.7 per cent; and from 

 1830 to 1840, it sunk to the unprecedented rate of 23.4 per cent. 



These rates of decennial increase since 1810, compared with that 

 between 1790 to 1800, show the loss by emigration, exclusive of 

 their probable increase at each term, as follows : 



Emigrants. 



From 1810 to 1820, decrease (32.2—29.3) is 2.9 per cent= 29,300 

 " 1820 to 1830, " (32.2—30.7) is 1.5 = 20,600 



" 1830 to 1840, " (32.2—23.4) is 8.8 " =204,900 

 From the number in the last decennial term, a considerable de- 

 duction should be made for the extraordinary mortality of the slaves 

 sent to Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, during a part of the 

 term, and perhaps, their slower rate of increase. The census shows 

 an increase of the slaves in those three States, between 1830 and 

 1840, of 324,399 on a population of 292,796, which is 230,000 more 

 than the probable natural increase ; and it is known that, during a 

 part of the term, disease, especially the cholera, made frighful rava- 

 ges among the negroes brought from other States. The remainder 

 of the 204,900 is to be referred to emigrations to Texas, and to the 

 unusual number both of the free coloured, and slaves, who betook 

 themselves to Canada in the ten years preceding 1840. 



In conclusion, we may say that, without attempting a computa- 

 tion in which we must yet further rely on conjecture, the facts here 

 stated are sufficient to satisfy us that, after deducting what the 

 country has lost by emigration, the foreign emigrants and their de- 

 scendants in fifty years, now add above a million to its population. 



