90 Progress of Population and Wealth 



First, when the children are compared with the females of the 



same census. 



1800. 1810. 1820. 1830. 1840. 



No. of children under 10, 1,490,315 2,016,479 2,625,790 3,427,730 4,485,130 



Add 3 per cent on the num. 



ber of immigrants in each 



decennial term, 1,640 2,460 3,972 6,930 16,200 



Total, 1,490,955 2,018,939 2,629,762 3,427,730 4,323,200 



Prop, of children, per cent,... 71 70.23 67.92 66.55 64,87 



Secondly, when the children are compared with the females of 

 the preceding census. 



No. of children under 10 1,489,315 2,016,479 2,625,790 3,427,730 4,485,200 



Deduct 30 per ct. of the im- 

 migrants in each term, 16,400 42,483 39,720 69,300 162,000 



Total, 1,472,915 1,973,996 2,586,070 3,358,430 4,323,200 



Prop, of children, percent,.. 94.61 94 89.97 86.75 83.60 



It thus appears that the addition of 3 per cent on the number of 

 immigrants in the first comparison, reduces the decrease in forty 

 years only from 6.29 to G.13 per cent of the females, though the 

 addition of 30 per cent in the second, augments the decrease from 

 8.93 to 11.01 per cent of the females at the preceding census; 

 which corresponds more nearly with th< estimate first made. 



We arrive at a similar result if we make the more limited, but 

 perhaps more satisfactory comparison of the children under ten 

 with the females between the child-bearing ages of sixteen and 

 forty-five, in 1800, 1810, and 1820, when their number was ascer- 

 tained by the census. That class of females amounted in those 

 years, respectively, to 813,193, 1,100,212, and 1,517,971. When 

 compared with the children under ten in the same year. 



The proportion of children in 1800, is 183.1 per cent. 

 " 1810, is 182.3 

 " 1820, is 173.2 



Showing a decrease in the proportion of children, of nearly 10 

 per cent of this class of females in twenty years ; and thus, by 

 whatever test we compare the rate of natural increase, as exhibit- 

 ed by the different enumerations, we have the same evidence of a 

 continual diminution of such increase. 



Let us now compare the rates of diminution of decennial in- 

 crease which these tests severally indicate, estimating the females 

 at 49 per cent of the whole population ; those of the preceding 

 census, at one-third less, or 32 per cent ; and those between six- 



