in the United States in Fifty Years. 171 



100,000 families are engaged in the employments comprehended 

 under the head of commerce ; and a less profit than the one sup- 

 posed would not be adequate to the support of that number, in a 

 style of living which far exceeds the average rate of that of the 

 whole community. 



From the gross value of manufactured products, one-third has 

 been deducted for the value of the raw materials, leaving two- 

 thirds for the wages of labour and the profits of capital. These 

 are the average proportions in the official statements of the manu- 

 factures of New York. From this valuation, however, the articles 

 manufactured by mills have been excepted. Three-fourths of the 

 gross value of these articles have been deducted. Even this would 

 not be enough, if the products of sawmills and oilmills, in which 

 human labour bears a much larger proportional part, were not 

 comprehended. A separate estimate is made of the products- of 

 printing and bookbinding, by allowing 25 per cent on the capital 

 invested, and $200 for each man employed. 



. In estimating the annual products of the mines, the fisheries, and 

 the forest, the whole value at the place of production, or of sale by 

 the producer,, has been the measure — that value being made up of 

 the profits of land, of labour, and of capital 1 . 



In all cases, the prices at which the principal products of each 

 State have been estimated, may be seen by comparing the values 

 with the quantities, so' that every one may correct the estimate 

 wherever he deems it erroneous. 



It is proper to remark, that the census omits several products of 

 industry, whose aggregate value would make no insignificant addi- 

 tion to the total amount. Among these, are — 1. The blades of 

 Indian corn v an excellent fodder for horses and cattle ; and which, 

 estimating twenty pounds for every bushel of grain, amounts to 

 3,775,000 tons, worth $37,750,000. 2. Peas and beans. 3. Flax- 

 seed. 4. Broom-corn. 5. Sumach. 6. Honey. 7. Feathers. 



In the subjoined table, the values- of the principal products of 

 agriculture and of manufactures, and occasionally of other branches 

 of industry, are specifically stated, while the rest are included under 

 the general heads. 



