in the United Stales in Fifty Years. 207 



Amount, according to the marshal's returns, $127,694,602 



Fabrics made in families, $16,491,200 



Products of fulling-mills, 4,117,308 



of carding-mills, 1,837,508 



Bar and pig iron, 6,081,314 



Tanneries, 8,338,250 



Salt, 1,149,793 



Fish oil, 240,520 



Lead in pigs, 26,720 



38,332,613 



$89,361,909 

 Deduct for raw materials one-third, 29,787,329 



$59,574,660 



The annual product of the manufactures of 1840, was. 239,752,227 



To be deducted, the following articles not comprehended in the 

 digest of 1840, viz : — 



Bricks and lime, two-thirds of . . . . $9,736,945 $6,49 1 ,390 



Houses, two-thirds of. 41,917,401 28,044,934 



Mill manufactures, one-fourth of. 76,545,246 19,136,311 



$53,672,635 



$186,079,592 



Comparing the same articles of manufacture in 1810 and 1840, 

 the increase, from $59,574,660 to $186,079,592, is 212 per cent in 

 thirty years, or a decennial increase of 46 per cent. 



The returns ofmanufactures made by the marshals in 1820 were 

 still more imperfect and inaccurate. In whole counties there were 

 no returns whatever, and in almost all of them there were conside- 

 rable omissions. In some cases, where capital to a large amount 

 appears to be employed, no product is stated. In not a few large 

 establishments the proprietors refused to answer the marshal's in- 

 quiries. In many, it should be added, the manufactures are repre- 

 sented to be in a languishing condition. 



The gross annual amount of the manufactures, so far as it can be 

 gathered from such defective returns, appears to be only $36,115,000, 

 and the capital employed in them to $41,507,000. As this branch 

 of industry is known to have been steadily advancing from 1810 to 

 1815, so great a falling off in five years as is indicated by the returns 

 of 1820, seems to be utterly inadmissible. Without doubt it must 

 have greatly declined after the peace of 1815, which at once raised 

 the price of raw materials and lowered that of manufactures; but 

 after making large allowance for these circumstances and the omis- 

 sions in the returns of 1820, they do not seem sufficient to account 

 for the great apparent difference, and a part of it seems not improba- 

 bly to be referred to an over valuation of the manufactures in 1810. 



Perhaps the best mode of comparing the manufactures of 1820 

 with those of 1840 is to compare the number of persons employed 



