304 PYGMIES AND PAPUANS 



Africa, but these Negrillos, as they are often termed, do 

 not concern us now. 



Asiatic pygmies have long been known, but it is only 

 comparatively recently that they have been studied 

 seriously, and even now there remains much to be 

 discovered about them. There are two main stocks on 

 the eastern border of the Indian Ocean, who have a very 

 short stature and are respectively characterised by curly 

 or wavy hair and by hair that grows in close small spirals 

 • — the so-called woolly hair. 



(i.) The Sakai or Senoi of the southern portion of the 

 Malay Peninsula are typical examples of the former 

 stock, their average stature is slightly above the pygmy 

 limit, but they need not detain us longer as they belong 

 to a different race of mankind from the woolly-haired 

 stock. It may be mentioned however that cymotrichous 

 (curly-haired), dolichocephalic (narrow-headed), dark- 

 skinned peoples of very short stature, racially akin to the 

 Sakai, have been found in East Sumatra and in Celebes 

 (Toala) more or less mixed with alien blood ; and quite 

 recently Moszkowski, as will be mentioned later, has 

 suggested that the islands of Geelvink Bay, Netherlands 

 New Guinea, were originally inhabited by the same stock. 

 All these peoples together with the Vedda and some 

 jungle tribes of the Deccan are now regarded as remnants 

 of a once widely distributed race to which the term Pre- 

 Dravidian has been applied ; it is also believed by many 

 students that the chief element in the Australians is of 

 similar origin. 



(ii.) For a long time it has been known that there are 

 three groups of ulotrichous (woolly-haired), brachy- 

 cephalic (broad- headed), dark-skinned, pygmy peoples 

 inhabiting respectively the Andaman Islands, the Malay 

 Peninsula and the Philippines ; to this race the name 

 Negrito is universally applied. We can now include in 

 it a fourth element from New Guinea. The physical 



