APPENDIX B 311 



mountain tribe entirely different from the coast peoples 

 previously visited. In fifty men I found the average 

 height to be 152 '5 cm. (5 ft.) ; the skulls are, as a rule, 

 mesocephalic to brachycephalic. Towards the coast 

 (Jabim) dolichocephaly becomes more usual and the 

 type also changes. Very small people are not in- 

 frequently met with among the Kai." Among 300 adult 

 males he found twelve ranging from 133 to 145*6 cm. 

 (4 ft. 4j ins. to 4 ft. gj ins.). " For the present," he adds, 

 *'it cannot be determined whether this is merely a 

 variation in stature or whether we have here survivals 

 of an older smaller race not yet entirely merged in the 

 Kai" {cf. also Sitzungsber. der Anth. Gesellschaft in Wien, 

 1905, pp. 40 ff.). In the Zeitschr.f. Ethnol. xxxix., 1907, 

 p. 384, he states that on the north coast of British New 

 Guinea and in Normanby Island he often came across very 

 small people. Dr. O. Reche, in describing a journey up the 

 Kaiserin-Augusta river, says that, "the population con- 

 sists of three clearly distinguishable types or races, two 

 of which have long, very narrow skulls, and one a short 

 broad skull. Inland from the river bank there seems to 

 be in addition to these a pygmy-like people of small 

 growth; at all events, I found in some of the villages 

 situated on the upper river, among other skulls, some 

 which were remarkably small and of a special type, and 

 which must have been taken from enemies living further 

 inland." (Globus, xcvii. 1910, p. 286.) 



Neuhauss studied the Sattelberg natives and is very 

 certain that a pygmy element occurs there. He notes 

 the stockiness of certain individuals, who have a long 

 powerful trunk and short limbs, whereas the Papuans 

 are lean and slender ; the shortest man measured by him 

 was I '355 m. (4 ft. 5^ ins.). Again, the cephalic index of 

 260 Papuans averages 76-8, while that of thirty-two short 

 individuals averages 78"8, and on the Sattelberg 797, 

 some even ranging from 83-84*6. He also noticed that 



