APPENDIX B 313 



non-Melanesian language, one man from Mari mountain 

 had a stature of 1-39 m. (4 ft. 6^ ins.). In the mountains 

 the mixed population consists of types recalling the 

 Solomon Islanders and "representatives of a small short- 

 legged, broad-faced, short-skulled, very hairy, wide-nosed 

 people." [Zs.f. Ethnol. xlii. 1910, p. 109.) 



Discussing the p^/gmies of Melanesia von Luschan re- 

 ferred in 1910 [Zs.f. Ethnol. XLii.,p.939) to bones brought 

 a century ago from the Admiralty Islands which must 

 have belonged to individuals 1-32-1 -35 m. (4 ft. 4 ins.- 

 4 ft. 5 ins.) in stature ; it is unlikely that the type per- 

 sists, though Moseley mentions an unusually short man, 

 a little over 5 ft. (Joum. Anth. Inst. 1877, p. 384). In 

 the collection made by the German Marine Expedition 

 there are a number of extremely small skulls from New 

 Ireland, which von Luschan is convinced belong to 

 pygmies. Finsch brought from New Britain over thirty 

 years ago the smallest known skull of a normal adult 

 person; it came from the S.W. coast of Gazelle 

 Peninsula. Like four other extremely small feminine 

 skulls from New Britain this one is dolichocephalic (ceph. 

 index 73). Von Luschan is of opinion that the small 

 people of Melanesia represent an older stratum of popu- 

 lation than their tall neighbours. 



While other travellers have come across what is now 

 accepted as a pygmy element in the population, the 

 members of this Expedition have for the first time 

 proved the existence of a pygmy people, known as the 

 Tapiro, who may be regarded as predominantly Negritos. 

 The hair is short, woolly and black, but seemed brown 

 in two or three cases, there is a good deal of hair on the 

 face and of short downy hair scattered about the body. 

 Thes^mis of a lighter colour than that of the neighbour- 

 ing Papuans, some individuals being almost yellow. The 

 stature averages 1-449 "^- (4 f^- 9 ^^s-)' ranging from 

 1-326 m. (4 ft. 4I ins.) to 1-529 m. (5 ft. o^ in.). The 



