332 PYGMIES AND PAPUANS 



cane, and many other words are identical in the south- 

 east of British New Guinea and in Ceram. But in 

 British New Guinea the languages which show likeness 

 to Polynesian end abruptly at Cape Possession, and are 

 not found west of that point.* Hence it becomes impor- 

 tant to inquire how far the similar tongues of Amboyna 

 and Ceram have influenced the New Guinea languages to 

 the east of them. That there is such an influence is 

 plain from the vocabularies of the languages. Indo- 

 nesian words, such as the Onin (lo) kayu, wood ; tanigan, 

 ear ; nifan, tooth ; fenu, turtle ; mani, bird ; afi, fire, are 

 of common occurrence in the islands of the Arafura Sea, 

 and on the coast of the mainland. But these words are 

 more common in the west, and gradually disappear 

 towards Torres Straits, and are not found beyond. In 

 Rosenberg's Karufa list (12) we find such characteristi- 

 cally Indonesian words as ulu, hair ; mata, eye ; uhru, 

 mouth ; taruya, ear ; nima, hand ; ora, sun ; uran, moon ; 

 niyu, coconut. Words of this kind are found also in 

 Lobo (10) and Namatote (13), as, for example, wuran, 

 moon ; lahi, fire ; nima, hand ; nena, mother ; rara, 

 blood ; metan, black ; tohu, sugar cane ; wosa, paddle ; 

 matoran, sit ; mariri, stand. Some of these words seem 

 to have passed into Utanata (10) and Lakahia (13), and 

 apparently, though not so freely, into Wuaussirau (13), 

 Mairassis (10), and Mimika (14). The Kiruru vocabulary 

 of Maclay does not appear to show any words of this 

 kind. The following are examples of Indonesian or 

 Ceram words in the Utanata-Mimika group of languages. 



utanata uran, Lakahia bura, Mairassis furan, Mimika pura, Ceram wulana, 

 moon. The Angadi has also pura. 



Lakahia bugura, Wuaussirau wara, Mimika pukare, Ceram uhara, mountain. 

 Utanata has pamogo. 



Utanata po, Lakahia hoa, Mimika poh, Ceram wosa, paddle. 



Utanata kai, Ceram kai, wood. For this the Mimika is uH. 



A word of much interest in this region is turika 



* Reports of Cambridge Anthropological Expedition, IIL, p. 290. 



