XVI 



of origination is above, and the two upper particularly to the 

 upper sections of those lines whose originating point is 

 iDelow. 



The addition of limbs to the locomotive frame-work 

 makes necessary the addition of some comparatively small 

 appendages to the top of the lungs, which fill in a contrary 

 direction to the filling of the lobe to which they are at- 

 tached. These appendages sustain the ball and socket 

 action at the root of the neck, and their action in filling may, 

 like that of the lungs proper, be divided into four parts. 



Two small neck muscles, attached each by one end to the 

 head and by the other to the lower jaw, hold the lungs sus- 

 pended by a loop on each side of the windpipe. The action 

 of these loops, in releasing the muscles from the twists they 

 receive by the torsion of the lungs in the movements of the 

 chest, is similar to the action of the loops of the eye muscles, 

 before spoken of, in releasing the torsions passing to the 

 eyes from the whole body. These muscles and the eye- 

 muscles together have as analogues, but in subordinate 

 M^orking, the diaphragm, its pillars and the pso£e muscles. 



The double twist action is the same whether expanded 

 in its workings, as in the motions through the length of the 

 ribs, or condensed, as in the ball and socket joint of the 

 head. 



The various combinations of the lines of torsion in the 

 three curves are the foundation for all the gaits of animals, 

 and for their halting, which last, as before said, when per- 

 fectly carried out, is identical with the act of ** setting-up;" 

 for the deformity spoken of is really a position in locomo- 

 tion, and only a deformity because of its being permament ; 

 and even were there no deformity the frame would need to 

 be gathered, which involves the same movements as does 

 halting on two sets of torsion lines simultaneously. 



The actions of those winding lines which work from the 

 direction of the head toward the hinder limbs centre at 



