128 



nects the parts, that all return again to the move- 

 ments between the wpper and lower lung lobes. 



Finally, the internal oblique muscles of the eye 

 throw off all the gatherings for a renewal of the 

 actions, by the alternate movements. 



The ball and socket movement, at the root of the 

 neck, being at the plane of the points of application 

 for the ophidian movement, and between the com- 

 posite and bi-composite spines when their last 

 movement of union takes place, works Hke the 

 head condyles, partially with all the ball and socket 

 actions, and ceases to do so only when these centre 

 on the plane between the upper and lower lung 

 lobes. 



EACH OF THE SPINAL MOVEMENTS THUS PASSES TO A 



" SUBSTITUTE GROUND " to which they transmit the 

 tractions so changed by their passage through their 

 respective ball and socket joints, that, in the case 

 of the synchronous action of all the counteracting 

 lines, they become collateral just before the dis- 

 charge, and in the alternate action by pairs, a like 

 collateral union has also place at some instant 

 during the step. These " substitute grounds " 

 are — 



Of the ophidian spine, the Sternum, 



