TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 85 



that has been offered for sale at the Park for feeding purposes 

 has been found affected with glanders, consequently it is impor- 

 tant that all horses to be used for food, and especially when 

 such meat is to be fed uncooked, should be carefully inspected. 

 While the disease is principally confined to the horse, ass and 

 donkey, it is, however, communicable to man and many other 

 animals, except the bovine species, which seem to possess a 

 natural immunity. In addition to the animals mentioned, glan- 

 ders has been found in the camel, lion, tiger, leopard, wolf, bear, 

 doy and guinea pig. The disease in the human assumes a very 

 virulent form, so that great care should be taken by keepers 

 and others, in order to avoid danger from infection, through 

 the innocuation of wounds on their hands and arms, after 

 handling an animal dying from glanders. 



A few years ago I was consulted by the Dean of the 

 Kansas City Veterinary College in reference to an acute disease 

 affecting some lions belonging to an amusement company, 

 located in Kansas City. As a result of the description of the 

 symptoms of the affected animals, forwarded by the attending 

 veterinarian, I made a tentative diagnosis of glanders, and this 

 diagnosis was later confirmed by the Pathologists of the Bureau 

 of Animal Industry, through the laboratory examinations of 

 the tissues of the lions which had died. This outbreak had the 

 following interesting history : — It appears that sixteen lions had 

 been wintered a short distance from Kansas City, and had been 

 fed exclusively on horse flesh. The horses purchased for the 

 lions' food were old, wornout animals, no longer fit for work. 

 Glanders among horses was prevalent in Kansas City during 

 that winter. About the first of April these lions were taken 

 from their winter quarters and shipped to a southern Kansas 

 town and exhibited for a week at a street carnival. On the 

 second day of the carnival, the keeper noticed one of the lions 

 was dull and listless, and on closer inspection .lome bleeding 

 from the nostrils was observed. The next morning this lion 

 appeared to be much depressed, and a local veterinarian was 

 consulted. On the fifth day the lion died, the autopsy showing 

 necrotic areas in the mucous membranes of the nostrils and 

 some catarrhal centers in the lungs ; all other organs were 

 apparently normal. No diagnosis was made. 



Early in May, Drs. Moore and Kinsley of the Kansas City 

 Veterinary College were consulted, and, on inspecting the lions, 

 found one that had been ailing five days, and had refused food 



