86 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 



for two days. The nictitating membrane protruded over the 

 eye, the respiratory movements were very rapid, and accom- 

 panied by frequent bleeding from the nostrils; the discharge 

 being bright red, but not frothy, indicating that the hemorrhages 

 were from the nostrils or upper air passage rather than from 

 the lungs. On the afternoon of the same day, this lion died. 

 On the post-mortem examination, necrotic areas were found in 

 the nasal mucous membranes, catarrhal centers in the right lung, 

 and oedematous infiltration in the mesenteric and bronchial 

 lymph glands. The other organs were normal. On the follow- 

 ing day three other lions that had been in the same cage began 

 to show symptoms, such as refusal of food, hurried respiration, 

 and protruding nictitating membranes. The next day two of 

 the lions bled from the nostrils, and three animals died within 

 a few days, making a total of five deaths. 



Several years ago I saw a case of glanders in a German 

 sheepdog which had been infected from eating a portion of 

 the diseased lung of a glandered horse. The dog died four 

 days after the first symptoms were noticed. The lymphatic 

 glands of the head and neck were suppurating; and the ulcer- 

 ation of the nasal cartilage was extensive. Other observers 

 have reported tigers, bears and wolves with ulcerous lesions in 

 the nose, and nodules in the lungs, liver, spleen and lymphatic 

 glands, which proved on microscopic examination to be glan- 

 derous. 



When a positive diagnosis of glanders is made in any ani- 

 mal, destruction should take place at once, and the entire carcass 

 buried or burned. 



The live-stock sanitary laws of all civilized countries include 

 glanders among those diseases which must be officially reported, 

 and provide also for regulations requiring the immediate destruc- 

 tion of all diseased, and the quarantine of exposed animals. 



The cages in which glandered animals have been confined 

 should be thoroughly disinfected; this applies particularly to 

 the sleeping quarters of the animal. 



Tuberculosis among equines is of such rare occurrence in 

 my experience that a recent case, which has come under my 

 observation in connection with the examination of horses slaugh- 

 tered in our abbatoir, I believe is worthy of mention. 



