Winchell Memorial 103 



the less effectively. . . . When I appeal to you in behalf 

 of science, I appeal in behalf of truth, for I think true science is 

 the essence of truth. It is that which is known of nature's work- 

 ings and phenomena. It cannot be science and not be truth. It 

 is that truth which governs our lives from the cradle to the grave, 

 which encircles the universe in its laws, and which will stand 

 when everything else fails." 



This broad interest in scientific education was again taken up 

 in a different way a year later, as the presidential address of his 

 second term of 1881, on "The State and Higher Education" (Bul- 

 letin Vol. II, pp. 45-62). After an illuminating historical sketch 

 of the struggle for the recognition of science in the university ed- 

 ucational systems of England and America, as against classicism 

 and sectarianism, our author voices his own faith in the democracy 

 of the state as follows : "True statesmanship surveys the whole 

 body politic. It foresees and often institutes national enterprises. 

 It watches the external and also the internal influences that move 

 the masses. It takes advantage of the shifting markets for 

 domestic products. It notes the rise and decline of the various in- 

 dustries. It applies stimulants when needed and repression when 

 necessary. In short, the state is an all-pervading, energizing, 

 regulating, far-seeing organization of the people ; the culminating 

 expression of the modern democracy. It is this machinery, which 

 in our day is very closely connected with the appliances of mod- 

 ern science, which is not free from the church, but which the 

 church assumes still to direct. Instead, we claim that it is the 

 right and duty of the state itself to look after its own interests, and 

 especially its higher interests, and to take measures to qualify 

 citizens not only to read their ballots, but to discharge the duties 

 of high citizenship. There is no limit to this duty short of the 

 necessity of the state, as has already been admitted. That which 

 constitutes a state — 'high-minded men' — is its necessity, and that 

 it is the duty of the state to provide, to the end that its multifarious 

 industry may be under the guidance of the highest statesmanship." 



Between these two splendid cultural scientific papers were 

 scattered through the year four papers on the Mound Guilders, 

 under the titles of "The Ancient Copper Mines of Isle Royale," 

 "Mounds of the Rock River Valley near La Crescent," and "The 

 Identity of the Mound Builders with the Indians." Prof. Win- 



