122 



Minnesota Academy of Science 



Quarry, Gibralter (Sollas, 1907), Galley Hill in England (1888- 

 95), and of Piltdown, England (1912), as well as several others 

 in France, Germany, and Italy, has served to put the former 

 existence of a primitive type or types of man in the eastern 

 continent beyond the realm of hypothesis, and to range it 

 among the positive facts of science. These remarkable late 

 discoveries have as yet not been apprehended generally, and 

 a short synopsis of them will be presented here for the pur- 

 pose of comparison as an introduction by contrast to a con- 

 sideration of discoveries in America. 



Eolithic Man. 



There are some specimens whose extreme variation, from 

 the average form of skull and jawbone of the human type, 

 throws doubt on their exact relation to man. These are the 

 Pithecanthropus erectus of Java, the Mauer jaw, found near 

 Heidelberg, commonly called Homo heidelbergensis, and the 

 Eoanthropus dawsoni, found lately near Piltdown in England. 



Pithecanthropus erectus. 



As to Pithecanthropus, it certainly is, in some respects at 

 least, intermediate between man and the ape, as indicated by 

 the name given to it by Dubois. In other words it is, in his 

 opinion, the veritable "missing link." But authorities differ. 

 While admitting that the fossils found by Dubois are related 

 to both man and the ape, some authorities consider that the 

 animal was essentially an ape, with some human characters, 

 and others that it was a man with some of the characters of 



Fig. 1. 



