Antiquity of Man in America compared with Europi 



123 



the quadrumana. Probably the following summary review 

 and conclusion of Professor Sollas are as near the just result 

 of the long- discussion as we shall ever be able to attain. 



Fig. 1. Outlines of skulls: Topmost, a New Guinea na- 

 tive ; 2d and 3d, Paleolithic man, of Spy ; 4th, Pithecanthropus ; 

 and the three lower are skulls of monkeys. (From Prehistoric 

 Man, by W. L. H. Duckworth, 1912, page 5, after Dubois.) 





Pig. 2. 



Fig. 2. Outlines of skulls: Topmost, a European; 2d, an 

 Australian; 3rd, Pithecanthropus; 4th, lowest, a Chimpanzee. 

 (From Ancient Hunters, by Prof. W. J. Sollas. 1911, page 36.) 



1. The form of the skull has a nearer approach to the 

 anthropoid ape than to man. 



2. That particular fold in the frontal lobe of the skull 

 which is in the region known as the "Broca area" and which 

 controls the power of speech, is twice as great as in the anthro- 

 poid apes, and indicates that Pithecanthropus had acquired 

 the power of articulate speech. 



3. The size of the cranial cavity puts Pithecanthropus 110 

 cubic centimeters higher than midway between the lowest 

 known capacity of human skulls and the highest ape, and in 

 this character, which is the most distinctive. Pithecanthropus 



is well on the human side. 



Pithecanthropus was found in beds which are near the top 

 of the Pliocene or base of the Pleistocene, in a position in 

 which both geologically and anthropologically such an inter- 

 mediate form might theoretically be expected. 



