Antiquity of Man in America compared with Europe 



125 



As compared with the lowest of present human beings, this 

 jaw is seen to differ in the following particulars : 



1. While the teeth are distinctly human, they are small in 

 comparison with the jaw itself. 



2. The ascending ramus is of enormous width compared 

 with the same in existing man. 



3. The sigmoid notch which characterizes the upper line 

 of this ramus in nearly all human jaws, is a shallow gentle de- 

 pression, in this approaching the lowest human types. 



4. The uppermost rear point of the condyle is higher 

 rather than lower than the coronoid process, the reverse from 

 that shown in an unusually large jaw of an ancient Briton, 

 illustrated by Duckworth, from specimens in the Cambridge 

 museum ; but the actual difference of level between these in 

 the Mauer jaw is unusually small. 



5. The lower margins of the jawbone, instead of running 

 in a nearly level uniform plane, undulate upward midway from 

 front to rear. There is also another similar undulation on the 

 front margin. 



6. The chin is rounded and retreating, instead of angular 

 and projecting. 



These contrasts are made evident by the following view 

 which shows (from Sollas) the jawbone of Mauer, of an Aus- 

 tralian native, and of a chimpanzee. The Mauer jaw is repre- 

 sented by the heavy continuous line, the Australian by the 

 light continuous line, and the chimpanzee by the dotted line. 



Fig. 5. 



Fig. 5. Outlines of the Mauer jaw (thick line), the jaw 



