Antiquity of Man in America compared with Europe \27 



chipping they have not been accepted as of human origin, with 

 any approach of unanimity. As remarked by Professor Mac- 

 Curdy, the coincidence of these flints with the Piltdown skull 

 at the same geological horizon seems to put a quietus on fur- 

 ther doubt, and to reveal to us the status of the most primitive 

 flint-chipping industry. 



The very ancient type represented by these earliest of sub- 

 human remains may be called therefore, very reasonably, 

 Eolithic Man, since now they are proven to date from prac- 

 tically the same period of time, and inasmuch as the chipped 

 flints found in the same situation as the Piltdown man had 

 already been called "eolithic." 



Paleolithic Man. 



The remains of man, or of anthropoid man, which have 

 been reviewed thus far, are to be distinguished from another 

 set of remains, likewise found in Europe, which are recognized 

 by European archeologists as of a higher type. They differ 

 from the foregoing in the form and capacity of the skull, and 

 in the shape of the jawbone and of the femur, and in the teeth. 

 This race is supposed to have made its appearance somewhere 

 in the course of the glacial epochs. The men were small of 

 stature but of stout build. They are represented by the Nean- 

 derthal man, and the race has received the same distinctive 

 name. 



A large number of individual skeletons have been found. 

 The forehead is low, and, in keeping with the great length of 

 the head, extends far backward. At its front base the frontal 

 torus, or the ridge above the eyes, is very large, and extends 

 continuously over both eyes across the nose. The chin is 

 receding and small, and the notch at the upper end of the 

 ascending ramus of the lower jaw is more marked than in 

 Eolithic man. The molars increase in size from front to rear; 

 with us they diminish, the wisdom tooth sometimes being 

 obsolescent or rudimentary. This produced a distinctly pro- 

 gnathous profile. The legbones, especially the femur, were so 

 curved that it is supposed that the Neanderthal man walked 

 with a stooping posture, being unable to straighten his legs 

 completely at the knees. His feet and hands were dispropor- 



