136 



Minnesota .lead any of Science 



a series of other skulls and bones of a different type, the two 

 series being separated by a continuous layer of burnt clay. 

 The upper series can be referred easily to the modern mound- 

 builder, but the lower series he considers much older, and quite 

 certainly of the age of the deposit in which it lies. This loess 

 lies on coarse drift of the Kansan epoch, in the same manner 

 as the loess at Lansing. The skulls, subjected to careful exam- 

 ination, were found to approach the Neanderthal man in the 

 essential differentiating characters. They attracted the atten- 

 tion of Prof. H. F. Osborn of the American Museum of Natural 

 History, who made the statement that they are of a primitive 

 type somewhat in advance of Neanderthal man, and probably 

 more recent than that race. 



An extended discussion of the discovery of these human 

 remains in the loess of Nebraska, with notes of the additional 

 descriptions of Barbour and the criticisms of Hrdlicka and 

 Shimek, was published by Mr. Gilder in Records of the Past 

 (Volume X, 1911). 



According to Sollas, the modern Australian is a near rela- 

 tive of the European Neanderthal man, and perhaps his de- 

 scendant, his ancestors having been expelled from Europe by 

 another race who became known later as Neolothic man. 



Fig. S. 



Fig. 8. Neanderthal skulls, seen from above. 1, Neander- 

 thal; 2, Spy; 3, La-Chapelle-aux-Saints. (From Sollas, page 

 156.) 



