Antiquity of Man in .America compared with Europe 139 



the same fauna that characterized the epoch of the man of 

 the Neander valley, in the loess of the Mississippi valley, in- 

 cluding the elephant, rhinoceros, Megaloynx, etc., a well 

 known fauna which I have already enumerated. 



Professor Osborn says in his work, "The Age of Mam- 

 mals" : "On Twelve Mile creek, a tributary of the Smoky Hill 

 river in Kansas, in the blue-gray layers directly underneath 

 the recent plains layers, arc recorded remains of several spe- 

 cies of mammals, one of them Bison occidentalis. The stratum 

 containing the bison was about two feet in thickness and com- 

 posed of fine silty material of bluish-gray color. The bone bed 

 when cleared off was about ten feet square and contained the 

 skeletons of five or six adult bison. The animals evidently all 

 perished together. In removing the bones of the largest of 

 these skeletons an arrow-head was discovered underneath the 

 right scapula, imbedded in the silty matrix, but touching the 

 bone itself. This evidence," Osborn continues, that "man was 

 contemporaneous with the extinct species of bison, is of the 

 greatest importance. At no great distance from this point 

 bones of the elephant have been found in the same material, 

 namely in the widespread upland marl which covered these 

 skeletons." This account is abstracted from the more detailed 

 description by Prof. S. \V. Williston, published in the Ameri- 

 can Geologist (Nov., 1892). This discovery was made by Mr. 

 T. Overton and Mr. H. T. Martin, assistants of Williston. 



Paleolithic Implements of the Nebraska Man. 

 We discover further evidence of the Paleolithic age of the 

 Nebraska man when we consider the stone implements of the 

 region in which he lived. In the uplands of Kansas, beyond 

 the reach of the loessian floods of the Iowan glacial-epoch, and 

 outside of the moraine of the Kansan glacial epoch, have been 

 found a great many rude stone implements which are like the 

 paleolithic stone implements of Europe. I have treated these 

 at considerable length in a recent publication of the Minnesota 

 Historical Society (Volume XVI, Part I, 1913), "The Paleo- 

 liths of Kansas." They are mingled with stone implements of 

 later date and of higher skill of manufacture, the product of a 

 later people, but are distinguishable from them by the scale 

 of weathering and a patination which the later implements do 



