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mine holes. Hill sites are unsuitable, there are usually ravines at 

 the foot of the hills and in any case coolies don't like hill tops, they 

 are too cold for them. 



The boundaries of an estate should be given a wide berth for 

 whether your neighbours are the Government, another estate or 

 native holdings you cannot control their actions, all your sanitary 

 measures may be in vain by reason of the omission of your 

 neighboui's to adopt suitable precautions. 



It is not possible to state at what distance from ravines or 

 swamps it is safe to house your labourers, we do not know what is 

 the diameter of the magic circle the centre of which the anopheline 

 will fail to I'each, but it is certain that the further your lines ai-e 

 from their breeding gixiunds the less trouble will you get from 

 malarial fevers. 



The management of an estate situated anywhere in broken 

 hilly country will be amply rewarded in the future for any amount 

 of trouble, taken in the earliest stages of development, to find a 

 spacious and flat area of land and to reserve it as a line site. The 

 disregard of this measure of prudence is common, it has been and 

 will continue to be a source of serious embarrassment and expense, 

 there are comparatively few estates the labour forces of which are 

 housed upon the best available site on the property. 



A good deal of emphasis has been laid upon this matter of the 

 choice of sites for lines on account of the extremely important 

 bearing that it has upon the health of labourers and further for the 

 reason that, the immediate outlay entailed by the abandonment of 

 lines which have been put up on an ill chosen site and the erection 

 of new lines upon a fresh site which is genei'ally under well grown 

 rubber is rarely faced. Estates go on year after year expending 

 money upon attempts to improve the sanitary surroundings of 

 their lines, all of which expense might have been avoided by the 

 exercise of foresight in the early days of development. 



CooLY Lines. 

 Of the three common types of lines in use the plan to be 

 adopted is not generally of great importance. On those estates 

 where the level of the subsoil water is very high, raised lines are to 

 be preferred, this type admits of cooking operations under the lines 

 and the smoke from the wood fires has some deterrent effect upon 

 mosquitoes, coolies have been known to complain of the cold in these 

 raised lines, another complaint is that the height of the steps or 

 verandah is a danger to their children, a more common and i-eal 

 disadvantage is the difficulty that there is to ensure that the space 

 under the lines is kept clear of obstructions and in a reasonable 

 sanitary condition, coolies will board up the space for the purpose of 

 keeping their cattle, goats or fowLs and constant supervision is 

 required to prevent it. 



