DISEASES OF SWINE AND OTHER ANIMALS. 27 



soino were budding', and otlicrs bad conglomerated. (See drawing II, 

 ilgs. 3 and 4, and drawing III, fig. 1.) 



2. The lympliatic and mesenteric glands were found invariably more 

 or less enlarged. In some cases tliey presented even a brownish or 

 blackish color, and contained not only deleterious matter, but even effu- 

 sions of blood in sufficient cjuaatities to i)usli aside the normal glandidar 

 tissue. Whether neoplastic formations (a in'oliferous gTowth of cells) 

 had taken place I have not ascertained, but have not the least doubt 

 that it had. Under the microscope, particles of lymph and glandular 

 substance, taken from the interior of the IvDipliatic gland, presented, 

 besides normal tissue and lymph-cor}>uscles, a few blood-corpuscles, 

 some granular detritus, and innumerable hacUVi and 1>acillus-germs. (Sec 

 drawings III and lY, figs. 5 and -5.) As lym]>hatic glands always most 

 conspicuously enlarged and morludly changed, may be mentioned the 

 superficial and deep inguinal and tiie axillary glands, the bronchial and 

 mediastinum glands in the chest, and the mesenteric, gastric, gastro- 

 epiploic, and hepatic glands in the abdominal cavity. 



3. The trachea and the bronchial tubes contained in all eases more or 

 less of a frothy mucus — in some cases the bronchial tubes were full of 

 it — which consisted, examined under the microscope, of broken-down 

 epithelium-cells, and contained a large number of bacillus-genns and 

 hacilli. (See drawing III, fig. 2.) The mucous membrane of the trachea 

 and of the bronchial tubes appeared to be congested, and more or less 

 swelled in every case. 



4. The pulmonal aiid costal pleura, the mediastinum, and the pericar- 

 dium presented almost invariably some morbid changes ; only in a few 

 cases no visible morbid changes could be found. In some animals those 

 membranes appeared to be smooth, but either the thoracic cavity or the 

 I)ericardium, usually both, contained a smaller or larger quantity (from 

 one ounce to one pint or more) of straw-colored serum. In a great 

 many cases one or more, and sometimes all, of those membranes were 

 coated to some extent with plastic exudation. In several cases a more 

 or less firm adhesion between costal and pulmonal i^leura and mediasti- 

 num, between pulmonal pleura and diaphragm, or between pidmonal 

 pleura and pericardium, had been effected. In a few cases the whole 

 surface of the lungs appeared more or less firmly united with the walls 

 of the thorax. In one case the whole external surl^ice of the heart was 

 firmly, and in another one partially, coalesced with the inner surface of 

 the pericardium. The pig (a fine animal about four months old), in 

 which the pericardium adhered with its whole interior surface firmly and 

 inseparably to the external surface of the heart, had severe convulsions 

 during life. It was killed in my i^resence by a professional butcher, 

 who stuck it in the usual way and severed the trunk of the carotides ; 

 only a few drops of l)lood issued, but the i)ig died irnmediatel}'. The 

 other morbid changes consisted in hepatization in the lungs, enlargement 

 of the lymphatic glands, and the presence of large and numerous mor- 

 bid growths in the cfccum and colon. 



5. In nearly every animal the heart itself has been tbund more or less 

 aftected in one way or another. In some animals it was fiabby and 

 dilated, but in most cases it was more or less congested. The capillary 

 vessels, especially of the auricles, were, in a large number of cases, 

 gorged with blood to such an extent as to gi\'e them a broAvnish -black 

 appearance, almost similar to gangrene. On closer inspection, however, 

 it could be seen very plainly that the brownish-black color was caused 

 exclusively by an accumulation of blood in the cai)illary vessels. 



C. In forty-eight cases out of fifty-three, characteristic morbid changes 



