28 DISEASES OF SWINE AND OTHER ANIMALS. 



have been found in the ca^cnui and colon. The same consist in peculiar 

 morbid jirowth.s or ulcerous tumors on the mucous membrane of those 

 intestines. Tliey are of various sizes, nearly round or (sometimes) ir- 

 regular in shape, more or less elevated above the surface of the mucous 

 membrane, and frequently, especially the older and larger ones, dark- 

 pigmented on their surface. Their size varies from that of a join's head 

 (incipient tumors or nodules) to that of a quarter of a dollar. The 

 smaller ones are usually of an ocher color, and biTt slightly projecting 

 above the surface of the mucous membrane (see photograph, Plate HI), 

 but the larger ones are of i\ grayish-black-brown (see photograph, Plate 

 IV,) or blackish color; project considerably above the surface of the 

 membrane, in some cases fully half an inch; have usually a slight con- 

 cavity in the center, and frequently a jilain neck or thick pedicle. (See 

 I)hotographs, Plates V, VI, and VII.) Under the microscojie these mor- 

 bid growths or excrescences appear to be comxiosed, on their surface, 

 of a granular detritus and morbid epithelium cells, and contain innu- 

 merable haciUi snis, some of wdiich have a very rapid motion. (See 

 drawing V, lig. 1.) The stroma of these morbid growths consists mainly 

 of a dense connective tissue. In some cases these morbid growths, es- 

 pecially the smaller ones, or those of a recent origin (see photograph, 

 Plate III), are situated merely on the surface of tlie mucous membrane, 

 and are easily scraped off with the back of the scalpel. Thus removed 

 they leave behind an uneven, excoriated surface, not dissimilar to gran- 

 ulation. The older and larger tumors, however, extend deeper into the 

 membranes of the intestine 5 they usually penetrate the mucous mem- 

 brane, and extend into the muscular coat, and even penetrate the latter, 

 and extend into the external or serous membrane. In some cases all 

 three membranes of the caecum or colon have been found degenerated 

 and destroyed beneath such a morbid growth, so as to show i^erforation 

 on the removal of the latter. The immediate surrounding of such a 

 deep-seated degeneration i^resented some, but not very much, inflamma- 

 tion. These morbid growths, usually, were found most developed near 

 the ileo-c.Tcal valve in the c.Tcum, but also in larger or smaller numbers, 

 and of various sizes, large and small, in all i)arts of the ctecum and 

 colon. 



7. The same, or very similar morbid growths, occurred also, though 

 not so often, in other intestmes. In one case (experimental pig No. 

 VII) a diffuse, decaying morbid growth coated the whole interior sur- 

 face of the jejunum for a. length of several feet. Examined under the 

 microscope it was found to consist of broken-down epithelium cells and 

 a gramdar <letritus, and contained numerous hacUll and bacillus-germs. 

 (See drawhig VJ, fig. 1.) 



In another case one ulcerous tumor was found on the nwcous mem- 

 brane of the gall-bladder. In three cases the same, or at least very 

 similar morbid changes, ])resented themselves on tlie mucous membrane 

 of the stomach. (See photogra]>h, Plate VIII.) In a few cases some 

 ulcerous tumors were found in the duodenum, an<l in one case even in 

 the lig] it horn of tlie uterus. In a few cases similar morbid changes — 

 small, knotty, tubercle-lilce, yellowish, or ocher-colored excrescences of 

 the size of a small \\q\\ — were found on tlie surface of the spleen. In 

 one case similar small excrescenc(^s were also found on the external sur- 

 face of the vena cava ]){)steri()r. In two cases the liver was found to bo 

 degenerated by an hypertroi)hic condition of the comicctive tissue, a 

 morbid change which may or may not constitute a jiroduct of the mor- 

 bid ])rocess of s\viii(^-]»lague. 



8. Morbid changes in the serous membranes of the abdominal cavity. 



