30 DISEASES OF SWINE AND OTHER ANIMALS. 



the iileers, thus produced, were coated with a dirty-yelloAvish looking 

 granular detritus. 



In a great many cases, that is, in nearly half of the whole number 

 examined, red or puiple spots and patches, and even continuous or con- 

 fluent redness, of a purple hue, ijresented themselves in the skin on the 

 lower surface of the body, between the legs, behind the ears, &c. At the 

 autopsy the skin and the subcutaneous tissue appeared to be congested, 

 the capillary vessels were gorged with blood, and more or less exuda- 

 tion and small extravasations of blood were found to have taken place, 

 lu one case a large piece of skin on the lower surface of the body was 

 mortitied. 



XO. In two cases quite extensive extravasations of blood i)reseuted 

 themselves in the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines. 



17. The blood presented some quantitative and (pialitative changes in 

 every case. Its quantity ai^peared to be diminished in every animal, 

 in some cases to such an extent that not more than, say, four or five 

 ounces could have been collected if the animal had been killed by bleed- 

 ing. Still, the actual want of blood was never as great as it appeared 

 to be, because a considerable quantity was locked up in the tissues, 

 especially in the lungs, and had become stagnant in the capillary ves- 

 sels. The blood was dark-colored in all cases in which death had been 

 caused by extensive morbid changes in the lungs, or in which, on ac- 

 count of those changes, respiration had been very imi^erfect; but it 

 presented a normal color, and was perhaps a little lighter colored and 

 thinner or more watery than in a healthy hog, in all cases in which 

 death had been caused by other morbid changes, or in which the atfec- 

 tion of the lungs was comparatively unimportant. It invariably coag- 

 ulated as soon as it became exposed to the influence of the atmosphere, 

 to a loose and spongy clot, containing a considerable quantity of serum. 

 Hence, it must be sui^posed that it w^as rich in fibrinogen, but probably 

 poor in fibrin, a condition due, unquestionably, to t]ie fact that during 

 the disease the process of waste had been largely m excess of that of 

 repair. 



Under the microscope the blood-corpuscles of fresh blood apiieared 

 sometimes nearly all normal or round, and sometimes more or less angu- 

 lar and star-shaped, but after a while they all became more or less an- 

 gular and of an irregular shape, and showed more or less tendency to 

 congregate in roAvs and clusters. The fresh blood contained numerous 

 bacillus-germs, many of them simple, small, round bodies, some in pro- 

 cess of budding, otliers budded or double, and still others congregated 

 into, apparently, viscous clusters. (See drawing II, fig. 1 5 drawing IV, 

 tig. I; drawing Vii, figs. 1 and 4; drawings VIII, IX, and X, fig. 1.) 

 In a few cases fully developed bacilli suis Avere found in the fresh blood, 

 but they were, comparatively, few in number. In blood which had been 

 kept twenty-four hours or longer in well-closed vials, bacilli were always 

 more numerous, and sometimes were found in large numbers. As soon, 

 howev(n-, ns ])utrefaction or decomposition had set in, the hacilll disap- 

 ])eared. White blood-corimscles, a few in nuud^er, were found only in 

 three or four cases. 



18. A microscojMc examination of the blood-serum or exudations, 

 deposited in the ])ulmonal tissue, invariablj' revealed, besides some 

 angular r(;d blood-corpuscles, an immense number of bacilli sitis, and of 

 bacillns-geriiis in all stages of development, single, budding, budded, 

 or double, and congregated into clusters. (See drawing III, fig. 1, and 

 drawing 11, figs. .'J and 4.) 



That every one of these morbid changes does not occur in one and the 



