58 DISEASES OF SWINE AND OTHER ANIMALS. 



by pressure, sliowiug already existing embolism if not even rnptiire and 

 tlie escape of tlie blood-elements into the tissne. 



Second. In some, though by no means in all, there ap])eared black 

 spots on Avliich pressure had no elTect. The cuticle of such si^ots dried 

 up and shrunk, and if the pig survived long enough Avas tinally de- 

 tached. 



Third. In nearly all there were slight ])ointed elevations, mostly 

 around the roots of the bristles, which over the whole body had become 

 more erect, rough, and harsh. 



Fourth. Scattered more or less abundantly over the surface were black 

 concretions, hardening in most cases into a scab, but in others, and j^ar- 

 ticularly on the inner side of the thighs, accumulating as a soft, greasy 

 inunction. \\Tiere this was not diffused as a imiform black incrusta- 

 tion, it sliowed as small black particles mostly at the roots of the bris- 

 tles, and was evidently a product of the diseased sebaceous glands. 



Fifth. The skin showed at many points, and above all on the pendent 

 margins of the ears, on the hocks and knees, on the rumj) and abdomen, 

 an unbroken blue or violet tint, which could not be effaced by pressure. 

 In bad cases this was associated with considerable swelling of the ears, 

 and in one with rux)ture of the integument and loss of blood. 



Finally. A great accimiulation of scurf took i^lace along the back, and 

 with the tough, rigid state of the skin contributed much to the unthrifty 

 look of the subject. 



The arching of the back, the drawing up of the flank, the advance of 

 the hind toward the fore feet, and the stiff movements of the hind limbs 

 sufficiently attested abdominal suffering, while the contractions of the 

 rectum resisting the introduction of the thermometer testified in most 

 cases to the irritability of the bowels, if not to the thickening and corru- 

 gation of theii" mucous membrane. The gait was stiff and uncertain, 

 and the patient inclined to lie in its litter, by preference stretched on its 

 belly. The bowels at this stage were mostly irritable. In the milder 

 cases they were mostly costive, or if the dung was of natural consist- 

 ency it smelt strongly. In the worst cases, and in several of the milder 

 ones, they became relaxed with a semi-solid fetid discharge, or a yel- 

 lowish white or slaty yellow watery flow, alternating with more confined 

 or costive conditions. Vomiting was noticed once or twice, but was al- 

 together excei)tional. One patient ground its teeth, but one only. Sev- 

 eral had a cough, occurring in paroxysms, but the majority had none, 

 and this is the more remarkable that several of those that appeared to 

 show this immunity harbored numerous lung-worms. In most cases the 

 inguinal glands could be felt to be enlarged. 



Starje of sinldrig. — AVhen patients were approaching death, the tem- 

 perature, after reaching its highest point, suddenly descended to below 

 the natural, the j)ulse increased to 130 or oven IGO per minute, extreme 

 weakness supervened so that the animal could barely rise or di'ag itself 

 around ; in some cases the nervous powers were so dulled that the pig 

 lay in a stupor, hardly disturbed when pricked to obtain a dro]> of blood 

 for examination, and in others there seemed to be acti^'e delirium, with 

 sudden starting and screaming. Nervous disorder was fiu'thcr shown 

 by general tremors and muscular jerking of the limbs or body. If for- 

 merly irarging, the anus became relaxed, and the liquid feces escaping 

 involuntarily smeared the thighs and bod. in two this state of things 

 lasted for two days beibre death sui)er\'ened. At this stage moving 

 bacteria were re])eatedly detected in the blood. 



Subsidence of fever. — In cases which seemed to promise recovery, in- 

 cluding a majority of the whole, the temperature declined gradually 



