DISEASES OF SWINE AND OTHER ANIMALS. 63 



of similar rounded cells (Klein's giant cells), granular matter, and clumps 

 of granular bacteria. 



Ijq one instance the wind-pipe from larynx to lung liad its superior 

 wall covered b;\' a yellowish- white dii)theritic-looking layer similar to that 

 which I found on another occasion throughout nearly the whole large 

 intestine. A section of this under the microscope showed maiuly small 

 rounded granular cells, Klein's large granular uniocular cells, and clus- 

 ters of the granular masses of bacteria, staining deeply yrith htema- 

 toxylon. The liver sometimes showed congestion and blocking of its 

 intralobular capillaries and an escape of small rounded granular cells 

 (lymph) into the interlobular spaces, the latter affording a marked con- 

 trast to the redness in the center of the acini. 



Kidneys. — These were, with one exception, pale in their cortical por- 

 tion, and a cloudy swelling existed in the walls of the tubules. Spots 

 of blood-staining were common on the papillje, and at those points the 

 capillaries were blocked by coagula to a greater or less extent. 



Blood. — In most cases no alteration of the blood was detected. In 

 one pig, however, on the second day before death, the blood swarmed 

 with bacteria, showing very active movements. In the subjoined draw- 

 ings (Plate XIII, Fig. 3) may be seen the various forms presented by 

 one bacterium in a few minutes only. The blood of another pig, which 

 had been inoculated from this one showed the same Uving germs in 

 equal quantity. They were further found in the blood of a rabbit and 

 sheep inoculated from the first-mentioned x)ig. In an abscess of a puppy 

 which had also been inoculated the germs were abundant. The blood 

 was not examined. In the blood of healthy j)igs no such organisms 

 were found. It may be added that the greatest precautions were taken 

 to avoid the introduction of extraneous germs. The caustic potass em- 

 ployed was first fused, then placed with reboiled distilled water in a 

 stoppered bottle that had been heated to a red heat. The glass slides 

 and cover glasses were cleaned and burned, the skin of the animal 

 cleaned and incised with a knife that had just been heated in the flame 

 of a lamp, the caustic solution and the distilled water for the immersion 

 lens were reboiled on each occasion before using, and finally the glass 

 rods employed to lift the latter were superheated before being dipped in 

 them. On different occasions when the animal was being killed I even 

 received the blood from the flowing vessels beneath the skin into a cap- 

 illary tube which had just been purified by burning in the flame of a 

 lamp. With these precautions it might have been possible for one or 

 two bacteria to get in fi-om the atmosphere, but not for the swarms I 

 found as soon as the blood was placed under the microscope. 



PARASITIC WORMS. 



In view of the fact that the swine-fever has been repeatedly ascribed 

 to the ravages of worms, it may be well to notice specially those that 

 were found in the ]>igs subjected to exiDcriment. 



^tronfjylm elomjatics (])ry.), Paradoxus (Mehlis), Lung-icorm. — The first 

 eiglit i>igs were x>urchased of a butcher, and liacl been fed on offal from 

 his slaughter-house. Tlu> lungs of all tliese contained these worms in 

 nundiers varying from ten to forty full-gTowu siiecimcns, and one pig 

 died, apparently from tiiis cause, on the seventh day. The Avorms Avere 

 mostly found in tlicteriinnali)art of the main bronchium in the posterior 

 lobe of one or both lungs. Others of the air-tubes were, however, 

 occasionally infested. The infested tubes were filled with a glairy 

 mucuSj renderiug them totally impervious to air, and containing th^ 



