DISEASES OF SWINE AND OTHER ANIMALS. , 141 



eonclition of the blood, and also of each of the iuterual orj^aus. From 

 the start I noticed that the s^iiiptoms Aaried greatly iu diftereut droves, 

 particularly iu couditiou of bowels, the aiuouut of eruptiou on skin 

 and the duration of the disease and its fataUty. I also noticed the mor- 

 bid lesions Aaried greatly in different droves. On my return to my office, 

 after three weeks' inspection, I made a careful review of my notes taken 

 iu the lield, and found I could separate the symi)toms into two distinct 

 classes, only resembling each other in the one peculiarity of being low 

 or typhoid in their- character. I also found that the pathological lesions 

 could be separated into two distinct classes, and that each of the two 

 classes of symptoms Avere accom])anied with one of the two classes of 

 lesions. I was also impressed Avith the residts obtained from treatment 

 by those Avhose SAAine presented the peculiar symptoms and lesions Avhich 

 I no^v call tyi)hoid fcAer, who reported that the disease had been promptly 

 checked in their droA'es and a large part of the sick hogs cured by fol- 

 lowing my instructions in regard to hygienic care and medical treatment. 

 Those whose hogs presented the typhus symptoms and lesions almost 

 invariably reported that all the sick had died, and in most cases the 

 disease Avas still continuing- its raA'ages. I had also noticed that the 

 peculiar odor spoken of was present in some di-OACs and absent in others, 

 and on examining my notes found that this odor AAas couiined to the 

 tyjihus cases. There Avas, of course, more or less smell AvhercA^er there 

 was any disease among- the swine, but the odor in the typhus form had 

 a certain difference that could be noticed by any one. Thus finding- I 

 had tAvo distinct diseases to deal with, the one resembling \-ery nearly 

 tyi)hoid in mau, the other presenting- symptoms and lesions with AA^hich 

 I Avas not particularly familiar, I turned to my medical library for in- 

 formation, and found a disease described as occiuTing in man AAdth symp- 

 toms and lesions exactly resembling- those I had classified iu sAvine. I, 

 therefore, called this second disease typhus IcA^er. I ijlaced typhus first 

 in my list, because I found it the most frequent and most fatal of the 

 three, and the one which has caused the greatest pecuniary loss to the 

 farmers. 



Typhoid fever symptoms. — Loss of appetite ; headache ; avoidance of 

 light ; standing Avith its head iu a fence corner, or lying- in such a posi- 

 tion as to keep the light from its face ; Avill only moA'e when urged, and 

 then but a short distance to resume its former attitude : a hot, dry skin ; 

 high fcA'cr ; thermometer often shoAviug lOo"^ to 109° F. ; increased urine ; 

 diarrhea ; tympanitis ; cough ; shortness of breath, or quick breathin<j: ; 

 stiffness of hind quarters. The hog moves his back from side to side 

 as he moACS his hind legs. Bleeding at the nose is a common symptom. 

 These symptoms continue with remarkable uniformity during the nine 

 <la-ys. There is an entire loathing of food, and as the disease progresses 

 great Aveakness is manifest. The hog cannot be forced up, but lies for 

 jiours in a semi-stupid condition, but still restless and shoAving signs of 

 nervous excitement. If the case is of a severe type the symi^toms Avill 

 be aggraA'ated. The boAvels Avill be enormously distended ; urine scanty 

 and high colored ; fecal matter will bo passed' Avhile lying doAvn, and 

 the uriue Avill ])ass CA^ery time the hog is moA'ed ; more or less iietecchiie 

 Avill be found on the abdomen, but iu limited iuiud>ers. The first sign 

 of iuiproveinent is inclination for food and disposition to move :iroimd, 

 and in this disease this is the most critical ])eriod. Iiiii)r()per or over- 

 abundance of food is liable to cause rupture of boAvels aud death, and 

 it is at this time that many swine Avhich have ])assed tlnough the disease 

 to the crisis are killed by incautious feediug. The nose bleediug is sel- 

 dom severe, but hardly ever absent. The cough is of no imijortanee a« 



