142 . DISEASES OF SWINE AND OTHER ANIMALS. 



a symptom, as it is present iu all inflammatory diseases clepeudiug upon 

 a spccilic blood poison. Many farmers point, to a cough lasting from 

 one to three months as a preceding- symptom of the disease, but this is 

 a mistake, as the cough is due to the climatic changes or sudden ex- 

 posure as set forth iu another part of my report, and has no connection 

 with the specihc fever. This x^receding cough should have told the 

 farmer that there was some eiTor in his management, which, unless 

 corrected, would render his drove more liable to contract any infectious 

 disease if exposed to its influence. The tympanitis is a prominent symp- 

 tom in this disease, and if the hog is lying down a gentle tap on its 

 distended flanks will show the presence of wind. Thiunps or hiccough 

 occurring" during' the second week is a fatal symptom. During con- 

 valesence small abscesses or boils often appear, and also sloughing of 

 ears ; in many cases the entire ears rot off. This condition is due to 

 depraved blood, and demands tonics. Tubercular disease in lungs often 

 makes its appearance during convalesence, and the hog is carried oft' by 

 what is known as galloping consumption. Malarial complications often 

 render the dangers of the disease more difficult, and have a material in- 

 fluence upon the rate of mortality. In most cases the malarial debility 

 or fever is the primary disease, and the typhoid fever the secondary. 

 The causes which lead to this fever we shall speak of under the head of 

 predisposing causes of the specific fever. Enlargement of the glands 

 of the neck does not often occur in typhoid fever. The duration of the 

 disease may be set down at from nine to fourteen days when uncompli- 

 cated. I have no data fi'om which I can give any information on the 

 period of incubation. 



Morhid anatomy. — I can best illustrate the lesions by quoting a few 

 cases from my field-notes : Visited the farm of G. W. Davis, near Frank 

 Pierce post-office, Johnson county, Iowa; breed of hogs, Poland-China 5 

 range, rolling i^rairie with clay subsoil; about ten acres in lot; lot 

 covered with grass and brush ; hogs also had a run of rye stubble ; 

 water running through lot ; feed, raw sound corn and sour slop regularly. 

 There was no disease in vicinity, and could trace cause to no contagious 

 influence ; disease had appeared two weeks previously, and nine head 

 had died, three large animals and six shoats. There were twelve ani- 

 mals sick, five large brood-sows and seven shoats. This man complained, 

 like many others, of losing his pigs. Symptoms, loss of api^etite, high 

 fever, diarrhea, emaciation, general stupor. 



Dissection, JVo. 1. — Shoat three months old, sick one day; lungs white 

 and showing no organic disease ; some inflammation of stomach ; liver and 

 bowels appeared healthy. Thermometer showed 100° F. 



No. 2. — Shoat two months old, sick one week ; heat 107° F. ; hepati- 

 zation of one lung; liver, spleen, and kidneys appeared normal; some 

 inflammation of inner coat of stomach. On opening the ctecum there were 

 found deep ulcers scattered around the ilio-coecal valve. These ulcers 

 had only the x^eritoneal coat for a floor, and were in position of solitary 

 glands. 



JSfo. 3. — Age two months, sick twelve days; thermometer showed 102° 

 F.; lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys showed no organic disease; lungs 

 lighter colored than normal ; considerable enlargement and inflanmiation 

 of mesenteric glands ; ulceration of solitary glands, but ulcers small and 

 evidently healing. 



Here we have an illustration of the disease in three different stages. 

 In the first case ulceration had not yet commenced in the bowels. In 

 the second it had eaten through all the coats of the bowels except the 

 peritoneal. In the third case the ulcers were healing, and iu a few days 



