DISEASES OF SWINE AND OTHER ANIMALS. 



185 



The liver was discolored ; dark patches were diffiised over its surface. 

 One large worm [Ascaris lumhricoides) was foimd in the duodenum. 

 There was a large ulcer, about an inch in diameter, in the ascending 

 colon, plainly seen on the external surface of the intestiue. Its edges 

 were very hard, and the inHammation extended some distance beyond. 

 There were other ulcerations in different parts of the intestines, but less 

 extensive. 



The spleen was of natural size, but darker in color. 



The kidneys presented a grayish appearance, very pale, and having an 

 appearance as though there had been a deposit of blaclc pigment in their 

 substance. They were easily broken up, the internal portion or beUy 

 showing evidences of suppuration. 



The bladder. — This organ was intensely inflamed, so much so as to 

 diminish its capacity to one fluid ounce. All the organs in the course of 

 the alimentary canal had more or less petechial spots on them. 



Hog five months old. — Killed him. He was very much emaciated. 

 Was apparently recovering from the disease, but very slow and doubt- 

 ful. Found three large worms in the stomach and one in the duodenum. 

 The one in the duodenum had his head inserted in the gall duct up 

 to the gall bladder. There was some chronic inflammation at the upper 

 portion of the duodenum where the worm had fixed himself. The stom- 

 ach of the hog was full of grass. It seemed that this hog would have 

 to die of inanition, the presence of the parasite interfering with the flow 

 of bile into the alimentary canal. 



Geology of the district of country where these examinations were 

 made : Tlie soil is of what is termed the " Loess deposits," and by analy- 

 sis by Samuel Aughey, Ph. D., contains — 



Insoluble (siliceous matter) 81.28 Soda 15 



Ferric oxide 3. 86 



Alumnia .75 



Lime, carbonate 6.07 



Lime, pbospbate 3. .58 



Magnesia, carbonate 1.29 



Potassa 



,27 



Organic matter..... 1. 07 



Moisture 



Loss in analysis 



1.09 

 59 



100. 00 



Parasites. — Of the entozoa that infest the hog I have seen but three 

 kinds. Two of those are familiar to most persons, and are found in man. 

 The third is a smaller parasite, and is often found in the stomach of the 

 hog, and which is said at times to destroy the pyloric orifice of the 

 stomach. I have seen but one of this species j it was white, and from 

 eight lines to an inch in length. 



I append a statement by some farmers in Kansas, who are successful 

 hog-raisers, as to their treatment of hogs. Mr. Jacob AUen, of Neosho 

 county, says: "Last year my hogs had the fever, or 'hog-cholera.' 

 They would eat dirt ; dirt was found in lumps in their stomachs ; but 

 few worms, and those in intestines and kidneys. No trichina under 

 microscope. Were constipated. I lost some j cured the others by the 

 use of senna and jalap." 



Kev. John Schoemakers, of Osage Mission : " Has been a resident 

 here for thirty years, and states that he is of opinion that the disease 

 comes of want of proper management, forcing them with corn, and want 

 of a variety of food." He states that they have a large number of hogs 

 on the Mission farm, but that they lose none by cholera. They are let 

 run in a large field that has been 'under cultivation. Does not confine 

 them to pens. 



Mr. David Bloomer, of Neosho county, feeds his older hogs corn in 

 the winter and spring. Sows oats for them in two separate fields, and 

 at different times. When the oats are four-, inches high he turns them 



