DISEASES OF SWINE AND OTHER ANIMALS. 213 



that the Inugs afford better conditions for their development than the other organs. 

 The foct that their presence in the hiugs ia so mnch more deleterious to the health of 

 the animal, and manifests itself by such decided symptoms, is perhaps the reason that 

 some liave supjiosed that they alone were affected. I am still of the opinion that the 

 alimentary canal is the nidus in -which the egg is hatched, and from ■which the young 

 worm starts, i^roduciug violent and noticeable symptoms when the lungs are reached 

 and perforated. 



ARKANSAS. 



Mr. William B. Tiirman, Waldron, Scott county, says : 



As hogs are the only class of farm animals affected by disease in this locality, I will 

 confine my remarks to the malady generally known as hog-cholera. The symptoms 

 are a cough, followed by constrained breathing, producing, in many cases, a movement 

 similar to thumps in horses. The animal refuses food. After awhile great thirst pre- 

 vails, and scarlet red spots, from the size of a pin's head to that of a man's hand, ap- 

 pear on the surface of tho body. At this stage of the disease they refuse to leave their 

 beds. In some cases death ensues within a few hours, while in others the animal may 

 linger for several days. Perhaps one hog in ten survives a mild attack. An exami- 

 nation after death reveals the liuigs, to all appearances, greatly affected, and in many 

 cases much decomposed. In some cases the bleed is also found coagulated in and 

 around the kidneys, and the entire flesh in a more or less putrid condition. 



I am informed by ilr. W. M. Johnson that for the last twenty years he has kept his 

 hogs healthy by giving them, with their food, common pine tar, occasionally smear- 

 ing some on the hair of his hogs. He has not lost a single hog by this very common 

 disease. 



Mr. Dearman keeps his hogs healthy by giving them soap, pine tar, and sulphur. 

 Mr. A. J. Gentz keeps his in good condition by mixing boiled garget or poke root with 

 their feied. Sir. A. II. Hooper gives sulphate of iron and salt, which has proven an 

 excellent x)reventive with liim. 



Mr. W. W. Hughey, Warren, Bradley county, says : 



There has been no disease in this immediate vicinity that has seriously affected 

 swine since 1873. During that year fully three-fourths of the hogs in the county died 

 of what is commonly known as hog-cholera. The first symptom of the disease was a 

 refusal to eat, followed by a dull, stupid appearance. Frequently eruptions about the 

 size of a pea would aiijiear on the body, and death would then ensue in from five to 

 twelve hours. In a few hours after death the carcass would swell to such an extent 

 as to break the skin in naany i)laces, from which a yellowish water would run. 



About the '20th of December last, a similar disease made its appearance in the west- 

 em part of the county, which is proving quite fatal to grown and fatted hogs. Not 

 more than one in five of those attacked recover. We expect it to spread throughout 

 the county by the first of May, as it did on its former visit. Hogs are not raised here 

 for market, yet most farmers endeavor to raise a sufficient number to provide them- 

 selves with their own meat. 



Mr. J. K. Deaderick, Wittsburg', Cross county, says : 



The most fatal diseases we have among horses here are staggers, Spanish fever, and 

 charbon. In sleepy staggers a disposition is shown to move around in a circle The 

 general treatment is blistering over the brain and profuse bleeding from the nose. 

 The disease lasts from one to two days, and the fatality among those attacked is about 

 1)0 per cent. 



In Spanish fever the sympton^ are extreme languor, stupor, and high fever. The 

 duration of this disease is from five to fifteen days, and the per cent, of deaths about 

 the same as in staggers. 



Charbon first makes its appearance by a small hard lump, somewhat resembling 

 that caused by the sting of a wasp. This lump grows and spreads very rapidly, and 

 frequently chokes the animal to death in a few hours. The remedy generally iised is 

 to paint witli iodine. 



Cattle arc aifected with murrain, Spanish fever, and charbon, and occasionally a 

 disease resembling dropsy in the human system. When attacked with the latter 

 disease they generally drop dead without a struggle, and on tapping them, very often 

 as much as a baiTel of water will exude from the incision. The fatality in murrain is 

 about 95 per cent., and in dropsy all die. 



Hogs are afiected witli cholera, quinsy, and mange. The symptoms of cholera are 

 varied. In the most violent cases there are discharges from the bowels, bladder, and 

 lungs. In otlier cases a loss of appetite is occasioned, and there is a. dis])osition to 

 bed up during thenight ; and during the hottest weather, if driven from their beds, they 

 will shiver as though suffering with a hard chill. The loss is about 75 per cent, of all 

 attacked. A great many remedies are used, but with little success. I value soft soai> 



