DISEASES OF SWINE AND OTHER ANIMALS. 215 



the hog ^ill hleed at the uose, and a bloody foam will run from its month. The 

 symptoms of the disease may be seen in the hair of the hog standing np straight, and 

 the discoloration of the skin' behind the ears, -svhich sometimes tnms yellow and at 

 others assumes a bluish cast. The hog will walk very slowly, and wlien it stops will 

 di-op its head and look as though it were standing on its nose. Some will become 

 lame in their fore legs. When the Avorm is in the stomach the hog will purge and 

 vomit. 



I have taken as high as ton worms out of the liver of one hog. 



I have a remedy for these diseases, which I have used with great success for ten 

 years. Since using it I have never lost any hogs by cLolera. The remedy is as fol- 

 lows : Mix two tablespooufuls of spirits of turpentine in a half-baiTcl of slop, stir 

 well, and feed three times a week every other week. Give this amount to fifteen or 

 twenty head. While they are eating pour a tablespoonful of coal-oil across the back 

 and shoulders of each hog. This will penetrate the skin and drive the worms in- 

 wardly, when the turjientiue will kill and expel them. 



The following are extracts from a letter from IMr. Lewis Bollman, of 

 Bloomington, dated August 26, 1878 : 



I see that you have appointed a commission to investigate the hog-cholera. I hope 

 that it may result in some greater practical utility than prior commissions have 

 effected. Allow me to add to this communication the little I know about it. 



I have always understood that the disease originated at Aurora, in this State, a town 

 on the Ohio River, in Dearborn county. A large distillery is there, and years ago it 

 fed about 4,000 hogs on the distillery slope. This excessive crowding and unnatural 

 feeding generated the disease, and from there it slowly but steadilv spread over the 

 West. 



"VMiile a farmer here years ago, I raised from 50 to 75 hogs annually, and for three 

 years my neighbors lost many hogs with this disease. One year my adjoining neigh- 

 bor lost about 70 head ; there being between our hogs the common rail-fence only. I 

 never had a hog sick from the cholera, and I attribute this exemption to my practice 

 of salting my hogs with a mixture of salt and pulverized brimstone and copperas. Of 

 three parts, two salt ; of the remaining part, two parts brimstone and one part cop- 

 peras. I adopted this salting to destroy intestinal worms and lice. I strictly adhered 

 to this practice twice a week in summer and about every ten days in ■^nter. 



A farmer here told me the other day that he lost hogs one year only from the disease, 

 but having adopted this feeding with sulphur and copperas he never since had any of 

 his hogs sick with it. 



Whether this salting is really a preventive I cannot certainly say. I but state 

 my experience. In its modes of infection the hog-cholera is much like the rinderpest 

 when in Great Britain. If well animals crossed the track of diseased ones they catight 

 the disease, as with cholera. If I remember rightly British authorities were forced to 

 confine their cattle to the farms of their owners and to jirohibit the sales of unfattened 

 cattle at fairs where such are generally purchased by those purjjosing to fatten. 



So far as my observation extends I believe this moving of our hogs, and allowing 

 them to run outside of their owner's inclosure, is the cause of the continued existence 

 of the disease. 



A farmer here recently rented an ont-field to hog down, located about a mile from 

 his home. The first thing he knew was that that field emitted a stench from his dead 

 hogs. About $300 worth died in a few days, nearly all that he had. So I learn that 

 many have died around this place in consequence of their running at large. The 

 greatest fatality exists on our river bottoms where the hogs are collected by purchase 

 and driven on the extensive corn-field to hog down the com. 



I suggest to your consideration a careful examination into the consequences of this 

 mode of moving stock hogs in order to fatten them, and if found to be a common and 

 fiT^iitful source of the spread and continuation of the disease that the exclusion resorted 

 to in Great Britain be enforcod bere. It is a quarantine regulation such as is now 

 sought to bo enforced in our Western cities to stay the spread of the yellow fever. 



Believing tliat be liad made an error in attributing tbe cause of the 

 disease in this herd to the fact of itiS removal to another farm, Mr. Boll- 

 man writes as follows under date of September 2, 1878 : 



A few days ago I wrote you a letter, chiefly on the topic of hog-cholera, mentioning 

 a recent case of a farmer here who had lost about !!>;i00 worth of hogs by that disease. 

 I attributed the loss to moving the hogs to another farm. I saw him since writing, 

 and learn that it is probable the hogs were li.abki to the disease before their removal. 

 He has raised hogs very extensively, and heretofore has lost heavily from the cholera. 

 His recent loss, 1 am now satisfied, was the result of overcrowding his farm with hogs — ■ 

 an error so certain to this result that I now again write tha4; the attention of your 

 commission may bo directed to it. 



