260 GLANDEES AND FARCY. 



forated. I observed several sucli cases, one especially in Lee Centre, 

 Lee comity, Illinois, in 1866, in Tvliicli tlie hole in the lower or anterior 

 part of the septum was fnlly as large as a silver half-dollar. The borders 

 of the same appeared irregular, corroded, much swelled or elevated over 

 the surface of the septum, and coated with a dirty-looking, discolored, 

 and blood-streaked glanders-matter. The disease, in that case, was far 

 advanced, and the animal about ready to die. 



Sometimes it happens that a glanders-ulcer shows a tendency to heal; 

 it loses its chancrous character ; granidation makes its appearance ; a 

 scurf or scab is formed ; a healing takes ])lace, and a fibrous, whitish- 

 colored, somewhat jjuckered or star-shaped scar is left behind. 



Some authors have attached considerable diagnostic importance to a 

 bluish or lead-gray color of the nasal mucous membrane, and to bluish 

 or lead-gray spots, which usually make their appearance before it 

 comes to ulceration. Such a bluish color, however, is not a constant 

 symptom — ^in some cases only small red specks can be seen on an other- 

 wise rather i)ale mucous membrane, and is not characteristic either, be- 

 cause it is observed also in catarrhal diseases, and in horses driven 

 against the wind in cold weather. 



(d.) Minor symptoms. — The three principal symptoms just described 

 are usually accompanied by some others of minor diagnostic value, but 

 under certain circumstances very important, especially if one or another 

 of the principal symptoms should happen to be imperfectly developed., 

 As such minor symptoms, may be mentioned, first, an accumidation of 

 a glassy, whitish-gray mucus in the inner canthus or corner of the eye 

 of the diseased side of the head. It is a symptom which usually makes 

 its appearance at the beginning of the disease; second, a lusterless, 

 dry, and dirty-looking, or so-called "dead" coat of hair; third, more or 

 less difficulty in breathing; fourth, a peculiar short and dry cough, 

 somewhat similar to the well-known cough of a horse afiected with 

 heaves. These last three sjinptoms, of which the cough is the most 

 characteristic, make their appearance only after the morbid process has 

 made considerable progress. In some cases the plain outbreak of the 

 disease, or the appearance of i^lain and unmistakable symptoms, is pre- 

 ceded by a swelhng of the inguinal, the axillary, and other lymphatic 

 glands. 



The difficulty of breathing, and the peculiar and somewhat character- 

 istic cough, tliough only minor symptoms in common or nasal glanders, 

 rise to great diagnostic imiiortauce if the morbid process has its princi- 

 pal seat in the lungs instead of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavi- 

 ties — ^if, in other Avords, the animal is afiected with that form of the 

 disease Avhich Professor Gerlach has called '■'-pulmonal glanders.'''' 



It haj)pens sometimes that a horse is afiected with glanders and com- 

 municates the disease to other healthy animals, but does not itself show 

 any of the three i)ruicipal symptoms characteristic of that disease ; has 

 no discharge from the nose, no swelled glands, and no ulcers in the nasal 

 cavities. The late Professor Spinola, in his lectures on veterinary i^a- 

 thology at Berhu, related such a case to his students, which will serve as 

 an illustration. It is substantially as follows: In a village near BerUn 

 glanders broke out in a st?«ble in which several horses were kept. A 

 vetcrmary surgeon was called, who made an investigation and con- 

 demned every horse that showed any symptouis of the disease, and 

 every animal condemned was immediately killed. The horses appa- 

 rently not afiected were kex)t for several vvceks under police control, 

 and from time to time inspected, but finally released. Among them Avas 

 one old sorrel liorse which had the heaves, and which had been brought 



