GLANDERS AND FARCY. 261 



into tlie stable a sliort time before the first case of glanders made its ap- 

 pearance. This sorrel borse soon after was sold to a man in another 

 village, and came into a stable containing also qnite a number of horses. 

 In that stable, too, glanders broke out. A veterinary surgeon (another 

 one) was called, and every horse showing symptoms of glanders was 

 condemned and immediately destroyed. The old sorrel horse, however, 

 which was known to have " the heaves," was again released after some 

 length of time, together with those which had remained exempted, and 

 was sold once more, this time to a man who kept over 30 horses (I have 

 forgotten the exact number) in his stable a few miles from the city. In 

 this last stable glanders likewise made its appearance after some lai)se 

 of time, but in that case Professor Spinola was called. He, too, after a 

 careful investigation, condemned every horse that showed any symptom 

 of glanders, and insisted upon condemning also the oltl sorrel horse, 

 whose history was then unknown to him, notwithstanding that no symp- 

 toms of disease, except such as are usual attendants of heaves, could be 

 observed. The owner hesitated to consent to the loss of a horse appa- 

 rently not affected with glanders, but Spinola insisted upon the con- 

 demnation. The post mortem examination revealed that the old horse, 

 which had the "heaves," was afltected with pulmonal glanders in a very 

 high degree ; and Spinola, after learning the history of the old sorrel, 

 was convinced that the latter had caused the outbreak of the disease in 

 all three stables. Professor Gerlach, in his valuable treatise, cites sev- 

 eral cases, which to relate would lead too far. Some cases, though not 

 so strking as that related above, have also come under my own observa- 

 tion. In pulmonal glanders the morbid process has its principal seat in 

 the lungs, and may remain limited to the latter for months, and even 

 for one or two years ; and diuring that time, or as long as the morbid 

 process is confined to the lungs, no prominent symptoms may make their 

 appearance except such as are usual attendants upon lieaves — some dif- 

 ficulty of breathing, and a pecubar short, weak, and dull cough, which 

 must be heard, but is not easily described. Finally, however, but not 

 before the disease has made considerable progress, the diificulty of 

 breathing increases, more or less discharge from the nose makes its ap- 

 pearance, emaciation sets in, the natural glossiness of the coat of hair 

 disappears and becomes rough, stands on end, and exhibits a so-called 

 dead and dirty-looking appearance. The skin, too, loses some of its 

 natural elasticity, and the animal becomes "hide-bound." 



The morbid changes are revealed only at the post mortem examination. 

 Smaller and larger glanders-nodides (usually called tubercles) present 

 themselves in ditierent stages of development and subsequent decay in the 

 tissue of the lungs. Some of them present themselves as formations rich 

 in glanders-cells (see illustrations), and others, especially if the disease is 

 of long standing, as decayed, cheesy, dried, and shrunk substances and 

 glanders-tumors of a sarcomatous and fibroid character. In some of 

 the oldest ones even -.i deposit of lime salts may have taken jdace. I 

 remember one case, wliich occurred in Germany, a few miles from my 

 residence, about twenty years ago, when I first coiumenced to i)ractice. 

 I was called to examine a horse suffering from some ])ulmoijal liisorder. 

 The symptoms were those of ])ulraonal glanders in an advanced stage of 

 development ; even nasal discharges had mack^ their aiipearance. i tUag- 

 nosticated glanders, but being young and without much experience, de- 

 clined to take the responsibiUty of condemning the horse, because the 

 laws of Germany are very strict in that respect, and i)ro vide that every 

 horse aflected with glanders be destroyed immediately. I therefore 

 reported the case, not to the proper executive authorities, but to the 



