gla:n'ders and farcy. 267 



feetion Lad taken place (both horses had beeu woihed together, antl had 

 been kept in the same stable a Aveek or two before the eyelid ^vas torn), 

 I was unable to decide, but hold myseli convinced that the direct intro- 

 duction of a comparatively large qnantity of the contagion into a fresh 

 wound, and the immediate contact of tlie same with the blood, consti- 

 tnted the cause of the acute course of the disease, inaugurated by the 

 intlammation in the wound of the eyelid. There can be no doubt of the 

 disease having beeu communicated by horse No. 1 to horse Xo. 2, because 

 subsequent inquiries elicited the fact that horse No. 1 had become in- 

 fected with glanders several months before he came into the possession 

 of Mr. B., by anotlier horse to which the disease had beeu communicated 

 by a condem.ned United States Army horse aflected with glanders and 

 sold by the government to a farmer, in whose possession he died. 



Another case, perhaps not less illustrative, occmred in the same year, 

 also not far from Dixon. I was called upon to examine a mide which 

 showed suspicious symi)toms, indicating the presence of glanders, but as 

 no ulcers could be discovered in the nose a dellnite diagnosis could not be 

 made. This, however, was the more necessary and desirable, as the mule 

 in question had come from another State (Indiana), and had been bought 

 only a few days before. To get out of the difticulty and to force a decis- 

 ion, I inoculated the mule with his own nasal discharges under the 

 sternum behind the fore legs. In a few days a nice farcy-ulcer had 

 developed, the s;s'mptoms of glanders proper, too, had made considerable 

 progress, and the chronic course of the disease had beeu changed to an 

 acute one. 



Wherever glanders presents itself as an acute disease, either an uncom- 

 monly large quantity of the contagion has been introduced at once and 

 brought in dii^ect contact with the blood, or a complication of some sort 

 has been effected. 



The nature of glanders. — The hypothesis in regard to the nature of 

 glanders, and the theories concerning the morbid changes and their 

 relative importance, have differed very widely, and have recently under- 

 gone great changes. Although modern investigations have proved 

 beyond a reasonable doubt that all the old hypotheses are erroneous, 

 some of them seem yet to have their adherents. 



At the end of the last and the beginning of this present century 

 most veterinarians looked upon glandeis as a blood disease. Bourgelat 

 (1779), Kersting (1784), and Coleman (1839), supposed that glanders pro- 

 ceeds froru a morbid, corrupt, or defective composition of the blood and 

 looked upon that as the immediate cause of the disease. 



Later veterinarians advanced different opinions. Dupuy (1819) called 

 glanders an affection iuhercitleuse, considered it, together with strangles 

 or distemper, grease-heal, &c., as a tuberculous disease, and denied, like 

 most French veterinarians, the existence of a contagion. Marel (1825) 

 loolced upon glanders as the natural consequence of a chronic intlamma- 

 tion of the nasal mucous membranes. Dance and Ciuveilhier connected 

 glaiidcrs with an ini'iammation of the lymx)liatics. Loiset found throm- 

 bosis in the lymi)hatics of the mucous membrane of the nose, and after 

 that a tendency prevailed to consider glanders as a pysemic disease. 

 This new doctrine culminated in the hyjiothesis of Tessier, wlio denied 

 the absorption of matter, substituted a formation of matter (pus) in the 

 blood, and pronounced glanders as one of many diseases in which a ten- 

 dency to produce matter is i)rimarily existing in the blood. Finally 

 clinical observations were made in France which remoAxnl (?) every 

 dojibt as to the pyamic nature of glanders. lieUiault {Rccueil do mkl. 

 vCtcr„ 1835, p. 390) published observations, according to which glanders 



