270 GLANDERS AND FARCY. 



tory passage, the lungs, the siihcntaneous tissue and the cutis, and, oc- 

 casionally, some of the connective tissues of other parts of the body, 

 constitute the primary seat of the morbid changes. The lymphatic 

 vessels and glands become secondarily affected. The neoplastic pro- 

 cess, howe\'er, does not in every case of glanders occur in all those tis- 

 sues named; its seat in a certain tissue determines the form of the dis- 

 ease. In common or nasal glanders the morbid changes have their 

 main seat in the mucous membrane of tlie nasal cavities, and of the 

 maxillary sinuses ; in pulmonal glanders the same make their appear- 

 ance principally in the lungs ; and in farcy the neoplastic process is 

 taking- place eitlier in the subcutaneous connective tissue (common farcy), 

 or in the cutis itself (skin-farcy). In other tissues, morbid changes, as 

 a general rule, occur only if glanders has become complicated with 

 another disease — an inflammatory process, for instance. The products 

 of the neoplastic process consist of round cells, and of spindle-shaped 

 cells. The latter, usually, undergo further changes ; some of them de- 

 velop to round cells, and others serve as the elements of excessive or 

 morbid growths of connective tissue, "which, however, do not present 

 anything characteristic, and must be considered as subordinate products 

 of the neoplastic process. The round cells are in shape and form simi- 

 lar to granulation-cells and matter-corpuscles, but vary in size from that 

 of the latter to two, three, four, live, and in some cases even ten times 

 as large. The youngest round-cells, or those latest produced, present 

 rather delicate outlines, and are the smallest; the oldest ones, which 

 are distinguished by their granulated contents and theu- dark color, are 

 the largest, and sometimes very large. All have large nuclei, which 

 grow in the same proportion as the cells, and present in the older ones 

 a dark, granulated appearance. (Fig. I, Ino. 4, and Fig". Ill, No. 6.) 



The formation of these cells constitutes the real formation of all the 

 morbid changes in glanders, and may, therefore, be considered as some- 

 thing characteristic of the disease, and the cells themselves are appro- 

 priately designated as glander-cells. These giander-cells have two dif- 

 ferent sources; they proceed ironi connective-tissue corx)uscles, and also 

 from epithelium -cells. 



1. Development of r/landers-cells front' connective-tissue corjmsclcs. — The 

 latter become proliferous and swell; the nucleus of each cell or corpus- 

 cle grows larger; a secoiul and a third nucleus are produced within the 

 walls of the cell, but not by a division of the iirstouc. The other con- 

 tents of the cell gradually granulate, the appendages or extensions (b'op 

 oil"; liually the whole body of the cell decays. The nuclei become free; 

 the nucleus-envelope or membrane expands, and becomes distinct from 

 the interior, and the metamorphosis of a nucleus into aiuicieated cell is 

 thus completed. Such a new cell presents at lirst a very delicate con- 

 tour and a hirg-e ami bright nucleus, but, under favorable circumstances, 

 will soon become lirmer and grow larger. Under unlin or;d)le conditions 

 no further development Avill take i^lace. (Fig". I, iN'os. 1 ai:d -i.) 



2. Dcrelopmcnt of (/landers-cells from epWieliuvi-cells. — A process of 

 proliferation makes its appearance in the tesselated and cylindrical 

 epithelium-cells, is plainest, however, in the lattei\ At lirst the oval 

 nucleus increases in size; then a second, and tinally a third luicleus are 

 formed at a little distance from the upper obtuse end of the lirst, which 

 is not di\ided. The formation and growtli of these nuclei cause the 

 cylindrical cell to iu(-rease in size, or to swell, and to change its oi'iginal 

 sha])e till it is transibrmed to a mere bag lilied with nuclei and small 

 round cells. Finally the bag or the old cell-iaeiabrane de(.'ays and 

 breaks, and the nuclei and young cells are liberated. (Fig. Ill, !Nos. 1 



