274 GI^ANDERS AND FARCY. 



tissue, but i)roceeds further if those glands become the seat of a 

 neoplastic production of glanders-cells, as is usually the case in ft^rcy, 

 and always if glanders is complicated Avith inflammation. It is evident 

 that by such a spreading of the virus and absorption of deietorious 

 glanders-matter some infectious elements, whatever their natm-o may 

 be, will linally pass into the blood, and cause in that way a general dis- 

 order, or a general dyscratic condition usually called " glanders-dyscrasy." 

 That virus or infectious elements pass over into the blood, and pervade 

 the whole animal organism, becomes apparent by the fact that the blood 

 and the various animal secretions, the sweat for instance, possess con- 

 tagious properties already at an early stage of the disease, or before the 

 morbid process has spread much beyond its original seat, and are able 

 to communicate the glanders fi'oin one animal to another. It may ap- 

 pear to be somewhat strange that the early infectiousness of the blood 

 and of the "s^arious secretions does not eliect a general outbreak of the 

 glanders-process in every suitable part (mucous membranes and con- 

 nective tissues) of the animal body, and that, notwithstanding the facility 

 with which the glanders-contagion communicates the disease from one 

 animal to another, the morbid process remains usually for a long time 

 confined to certain parts of the organism. It is, however, not any more 

 surprising than a healing, or a cessation of the morbid process, of other 

 equally contagious diseases — pleuro-pneumonia of cattle for instance — 

 while the organism is yet replete Avith the contagion, which, in very 

 small quantities, is able to communicate the morbid process to other 

 animals. The truth is, our knowledge concerning the true nature of the 

 contagious principle of the various contagious diseases is jet too lim- 

 ited. If the theories of Hallier and others, based npon the discovery 

 of micrococci, &c., in the blood and in the secretions of animals affected 

 with contagious diseases should prove to be correct ; if, in other words, 

 those micrococci — in glanders Malleomyces eqncstris, H. — do constitute 

 the infectious elements, and the real, immediate cause of the morbid 

 changes, all those strange phenomena may j^et find a satisfactory ex- 

 planation. If, however, those micrococci should not constitute the con- 

 tagion, and should not be the cause of the morbid process, but the 

 product of the same, or if then' presence should prove to be a merely 

 accidental one, it will be diflQcult to reconcile those tiicts. Professor 

 Gerlach, who discards those theories as unfounded, hints at an ex- 

 haustion of predisposition as affording a possible explanation. 



The anatomical changes. — The morbid products of the glanders- 

 process make their appearance usually in more or less distinctly liluited 

 nests, or in shape of nodules or tubercles and tumors, which vary con- 

 siderably in size. Some of them are as small as the size of a pin's head, 

 and are called miliary tubercles; others are larger, of the size of a pea; 

 and still others are quite large, and constitute tumors or glanders-ex- 

 crescences. Practically, therefore, a discrimination between glanders- 

 tubercles or small nests of glanders-cells, and tumors or large ones, 

 is admissible. The former, however, nuist not be looked upon as 

 identical with genuine tubercles as occurring in tuberculosis. A 

 glanders -tubercle is a different thing altogether, only the name has 

 become too convenient to be abolished. Glanders-tid)ercles occur — 1, 

 in the substance and in the subserous tissue of the lUjigs; 2, in the 

 mucous membrane of the nasal cavities and of the maxillary sinuses, 

 but especially in the mucous membrane of tho sei)tum; 3, in the 8welle(l 

 and iiidurated submaxillary glands; and, 1^ in the cutis. Some ilu- 

 thors have considered the presence of small miliar3' tubercles in the 

 lungs as the criterion of the iireseuce of glandersj but others havo 



