278 GLANDERS AND FARCY. 



which also luirtei'go the same motamorphosis as the first one. Hence 

 it happens very frequently that fercy boils and nlcers make their ap- 

 pearance in rows somewhat resemblinji" strings of beads, which consti- 

 tutes one of the characteristics of the disease. A little later the nearest 

 lymphatic glands, too, commence to swell and to be changed to hard 

 and more or less painful tarcy-buboes. The circulation or the current of 

 lymph in the lymphatics of such a swelled gland or glands becomes 

 interrupted, and in consequence oedematous swellings make their ap- 

 pearance in the parts in which such an interruption has been effected, 

 usually in a leg. The swelling of the lymphatics and of the lymphatic 

 glands, the Ipuphatio abscesses, and the appearance of oedemata have 

 led to mistakes ; an inflammation of the lymphatics has been supposed 

 to constitute the ]nimary and the production of farcy-ulcers a second- 

 ary morbid ])rocess. Sometimes, it is true, it is rather difficult to find 

 the x)rimary boils or ulcers from which the morbid process has spread. 

 The comparatively rapid dissemination of the glanders-wus through 

 the lymphatics in the loose subcutaneous connective tissue explains why 

 farcy usually spreads sooner over the whole body, and becomes fatal 

 in much less time than either pulmonal or nasal glanders. 



The products of the glanders-process, however, do not always present 

 themselves as distinctly limited growths in form of nodules, tubercles, 

 tumors, and boils. The morbid products in certain cases, especially in 

 such in which an inflammatory exudation is taking place in the same 

 parts in which the glanders-process has its seat, become diffuse, and the 

 glanders-cells almost as soon as produced are carried off by the exuda- 

 tion. Gerlach discriminates two forms of diffuse glanders, viz., glan- 

 ders-catarrh and diffuse production of glanders-cells in the mucous 

 membranes. 



1. GlmuJers-catarrh. — If the glanders-process makes its appearance in 

 a mucous membrane, the first morbid changes and symptoms are always 

 those of glanders, blended with a catarrhal affection. Consequently the 

 first stage of nasal glanders may appropriately be called a " glanders- 

 catarrh," and may under favorable circumstances exist almost unchanged 

 for a long time without being attended by any other characteristic symp- 

 toms except perhaps some swelhngof the submaxillary IjTuphatic glands 

 (so-called nasal gleet). Afterward, in a more advanced stage of the dis- 

 ease, more characteristic morbid changes make their appearance, but the 

 catarrhal discharge from the nose remains. In glanders-catarrh the se- 

 cretions of the nasal mucous membrane tliffer only in so far from those 

 observed in a common catarrh as they present frequently a greenish or 

 green-yellowish color, and contain very soon epithelium-scales and small, 

 round glanders-cells similar to matter-corpuscles. With the appearance 

 of the epitheliimi debris^ however, the somewliat characteristic greenish 

 color usually disappears. The glanders-cells have their source in the 

 epithelium -pixxlucing layer of the mucosa, and develop Irom epithelium- 

 cells, but are carried off" or v/ashed away by the fluid exudations. Still 

 the discharge itself, although containing glanders-cells, offers no charac- 

 teristic of great diagnostic value except its infectiousness, which exists 

 from the very beginning. The microscope reveals no essential differ- 

 ences, neither between the nasal discharges in glanders and in catarrh 

 nor between farcy matter and common pus. 



2. Diffuse production of (jlandcrs-ceUs in the mucous viemhrane. — The 

 glanders-cells are not produced in certain limited spots or nests, but in 

 ditiVision ovor large parts of the mucous membrane. Tlie latter ap]:>cars 

 .';v>'elled and loosened in its tissue, and contains larger or smallor num- 

 beis of round glaudors-cells of different size, iilterwards an exuberant 



