^8^ GLANDERS AND FARCY. 



disease as among liorses, notwitlistaiiding tliat the foriner have more 

 predis])ositio]i, are easier and sooner infected, and succnnib quicker. 

 If a proto])athic development were possible, or frequently taking- place, 

 one should suppose that it would occur especially in those animals (asses 

 and nuiles) which i^ossess the greatest predisposition, or, in which, if af- 

 fected, the morbid process is always the most rapid and the most violent. 

 Besides that, asses and mules i)articularly, are, as a general rule, more 

 exposed to bad treatment and to all those calamities which have been 

 looked upon as probable causes of glanders, than horses. That glanders 

 is not so frequent among asses and mules as among horses, is simply due 

 to the fact that the former are less numerous and usually less exposed 

 to the contagion, because less used on the road and for traveling pur- 

 poses, than horses. An exception, perhaps, may be made with the Amer- 

 ican army, or with any other army in which mules are extensively em- 

 ployed, and in them, I suppose, cases of glanders are just as frequent, 

 and perhaps more frequent among the mules than among the horses. 



In modern times, most veterinary waiters, it seems, have abandoned 

 the possibility of an autochthonous or idiopathic origin of glanders, 

 but the deuteropathic development is yet upheld by a great many. The 

 diseases supposed to terminate in glanders are especially strangles or 

 disteraper, influenza, catarrhal aftections of the respkatory mucous mem- 

 branes, and ulceration in vaiious parts of the animal body. To enumer- 

 ate all the cases recorded in the veterinary literature in which glanders 

 is said or believed to have developed from other diseases, or been pro- 

 duced by an absorption of matter, would lead too far, for tlie same are 

 very numerous. As to the different theories that have been advanced, 

 I have to refer to what has been said in the first part of this treatise. 

 To show, however, now easily mistakes may be made, I may be allowed 

 to relate a case that occurred last summer in Chicago. Several horses, 

 constituting the stock of a bankrupt ckcus, idl animals in a very fine 

 condition, were put up for keeping by the authorities in charge, in a cer- 

 tain livery and boarding stable. In the same stable influenza prevailed, 

 and nearly every iiorse, excepting those circus-horses, became aifected 

 with influenza in its so-called catarrhal rheumatic form. Deaths did not 

 occm', but some horses became affected severely. After the circus-horses 

 had been in the livery-stable for several weeks they were sold by the 

 United States marshal, and the day afte-r the sale it was foimd that one 

 of them, a fine black gelding, was affected with plainly developed nasal 

 glanders, and had communicated the disease already to his stall-mate, 

 which exhibited sufiicient symptoms, a slight discharge from the right 

 nostril and a characteristic swelling of the right submaxillary lymphatic 

 gland, to warrant the diagnostication of glanders. After the discovery 

 had been made, it leaked out that the black gelding had been "running 

 from tlie nose " for over eight months. When the sale took i)lace, some 

 of the livery and boarding horses had not yet fully recovereti from their 

 influenza. Now, if one or more of the same should have become infected 

 with glanders, and if the merely accidental discovery of the existence of 

 that disease in one of the circus-horses had not been made, the cry would 

 have been raised iumiediately that glanders had developed from influ- 

 enza. Further comments, I think, are uimecessary. It may sullice to 

 suggest that a great man 3^ apparent develox)meiits of gland<u's from other 

 diseases may have taken jdi^ce in a similar way. There also can be no 

 doubt that a great many cases of occult glanders (so-called nasal gleet) 

 have been looked ui)on and treated as distemper, catarrh, influenza, &c., 

 and afterwards, when plain sym])toms of ghuulers made their ap])earance, 

 it was more conveiiient all around to suppose that glanders had pro- 



