INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION 

 OF AN INDIAN PROVINCE 



INTRODUCTION 



That part of economic science for which we may 

 claim universal application is confined to a few funda- 

 mental conceptions, and a few general principles 

 which appear to hold good in all forms of society. 

 But the great bulk of economic doctrines are not 

 universal laws ; they are only statements of the 

 manner in which general principles operate in special 

 conditions. As the study of economics has hitherto 

 been confined to the inhabitants of Western Europe 

 and North America, it is the operation of general 

 principles in the special conditions of those coun- 

 tries which has principally engaged the attention of 

 economists. It therefore happens that the economic 

 theories which are best known and which have most 

 influenced public opinion represent conclusions which 

 have been reached regarding that particular type of 

 industrial organization which exists in the United 

 States and Western Europe. Modern economists do 

 not claim that these theories are of universal applica- 

 tion ; on the contrary, they recognise that different 

 ages and different phases of human evolution present 

 different types of industrial organization, and that 

 economic theories which are correct statements of 



