1893.] MICROSCOPICAL JOURNAL. 7 



hand, arc vvliolly northern and others are wholly southern. Of 

 the various orders of insects the {grasshoppers and their like were 

 amonf;^ the first to appear, but the earliest insects arc by no means 

 the earliest class of animals ; in fact, most of the other classes, ex- 

 cept the hijrher vertebrates, had been in existence many aj^es be- 

 fore any insects appeared, the earliest insect remains l)eing car- 

 boniferous. 



CoiJ.ATEKAI. K KADI NO. 



Brooks. Invertebrate Zoology, p. 237. 



Howes. Atlas of Biology. 



lluxley. Anatomy of Invertebrata, p. 342. 



McLauchlan. Insects. Encyc. Britt., XIII. ]). i^i. 



McLauchlan. Locust. Encyc. Britt., XIV, p. 765. 



Osborn. Invertebrate Dissections, p. 33. 



Packard. Zoology, p. 307. 



Packard. Entomologv for Beginners. 



Packard. Guide to the vStudy of Insects. 



A very little observation will suffice to show any one that grass- 

 hoppers are not all alike, and that there are many animals not truly 

 grasshoppers which are still much like them, as the katydid and 

 cricket, and otliers which are like them in a more general way as 

 insects. In other words, there are degrees of resemblance. 



Explanation of the Plate. 



1. Right side view of adult gr.isshopper I 8. Moutli-parLs of CEdifiodn Carolina, 



(CEdipoi/a Carolina), right wings re- I from nature. 



moved. 9. Larva of grasshopper, wings not yet de- 



2. Front view of head of the same. j veloped. 



3. Enlarged side view of meso-meta-thorax 10. Side view of cricket (Cry/Ztti a^^r*t//a- 



to show the spiracles; the oiiginof tus), right wings removed, showing 



the wings and legs and the ear. rudimentary posterior wing and large 



4. View of the interior of metathoracic anterior wing cover. 



femur, showing the large extensor n. Cabbage-butterfly {Coieas phyllodice), 



and smaller flux or muscles and their ^ right wings removed. 



tendons. 1 12. May-beetle (Lachnosterna fusca), right 



5. Diagram of the internal anatomy of a I wings removed, showing left wing 



grasshopper; I cover and hind wing half folded. 



6. One ovarial tube and contained ova ' 13. Horse-fly (Tabaiius exui), right side, 



(x 30 diam.) , right wing removed. 



7. Spermatozoa. 1 14. Wasp (Polistes inetricus) . 



All the drawings are taken directly from nature, except 5 and 9, which are adapted after 

 Pcpakra. 



Detection of Crime, Murder. — A murderer, on whose axe 

 marks of blood had been found, stated that he had killed a goat 

 with it shortly before his arrest. As a matter of fact, human 

 blood corpuscles were found on the axe. It was proved by 

 means of authentic goat's blood that had been photographed for 

 comparison with photographs of human blood that the axe was 

 not stained with goat's blood. 



By photographv it was also shown that the axe had been wiped 

 after the deed, a fact which the accused denied. The magnified 

 image revealed streaks caused liy wiping from top to bottom and 

 small spots that could not be seen with the naked eye. 



