1893.] MICROSCOPICAL J(JURNAL. 43 



arc nut usually adinittcil to this hospital, Init arc sent U> special 

 hospitals. Some cases of cholerine (so called) were in the hospi- 

 tal, antl I saw in an I'^njjlish paper a statement that one luMulred 

 cases of cholerine (or cholera) had been admitted to Motel Dieu 

 the day we left Paris. I am unable to state of my own knowledcje 

 whether any of the cases of cholerine were really Asiatic cholera 

 or not, but I saw in the morj^ue of the Hotel Dieu several bodies 

 of patients who had dietl from tiiis disease. 



Hotel Dieu has a very lar<je number of patients attendin<^ dailv 

 for the purpose of beinjj; operated upon and jirescribed for, and 

 these clinics are truly immense. The most lam(*us sur<:^eons of 

 Paris are numbered amon^j the hos])ital stall". Those on service 

 at-the present time are Lancerreux, Tillant.Verneil, Panas, Proust, 

 Corneil, Brequoy, Labbe. Dr. Henri Hartman.whom I met for 

 the first time on Auj^just 2^, 1S92, is abso one of the surgeons ot 

 the hospital of Hotel Dieu, and to him I am indebted for manv 

 courtesies during my stay in Paris. 



He invited me to meet him at the Hospital Tenon on the fol- 

 lowing dav, August 26, 1892. Hospital Tenon is a new hos- 

 pital, containing about one thousand l)eds, and in jioint of 

 cleanliness and ventilation was in an admirable condition. I ex- 

 amined with great interest tlie lying-in wards, and found the 

 most perfect arrangements for antiseptics in them. From 60 to 

 So confinements take place there per month, and since the intro- 

 duction of strict asepsis the mortality from childbirth has been 

 so greatly reduced as to be almost nominal. 



The management of all the Paris hospitals is entirely vested in 

 a Council of Administration, who make the appointments of 

 surgeons and directors of the hospitals. All the subordinate 

 positions, such as internes (or what we call resident physicians 

 or students), are filled by concours, or competitive examinations. 

 This same system is applied to the promotion of nurses and 

 other employees of the hospital. At the last concours. out of 

 627 candidates for the position of interne, only 56 appomtments 

 were made. 



The course of study for a student of medicine in Paris extends 

 over a period of five years, and the college fees amount to 

 almost eight hundred dollars per year. 



Bacteriological laboratories are found in nearly all the Paris 

 hospitals, and the internes or resident students are evidently 

 familiar with their use, and are in every respect a high class of 

 men. They are thoroughly competent in the performance of 

 their duties, and in the absence of the senior surgeons are almost 

 daily called upon to perform manv of the gravest operations of 

 surgery. 



August 26 and 27, 1S92, I visited, with Dr. Henri Hartman, 

 the Hospital Bichat, and there found what I consideretl to be 

 an ideal hospital. Hospital Bichat is small, consisting of only- 

 two wards, one for males and the other for females, and each 



