Capt. S. E. Widdrington on European Pines. 87 



from hairs, while in Ixia they are arranged along the edges of 

 the stigmata. It is however to the structure of the stigmata of 

 Epilobium hirsutum and Gocletia ruhicunda that I would par- 

 ticularly call attention, conceiving them to confirm in the 

 strongest manner my opinion that the stigmatic function in 

 the Campanulaceae is not limited to that part which is usually 

 considered to constitute the proper stigma. These are quadri- 

 partite, and each division of their true stigmatic surface is 

 covered with hairs precisely resembUng those of the Campa- 

 nulaccce. 



I am about to try an experiment, the issue of which will 

 determine the truth or fallacy of my deductions, as far as the 

 Campauulacece are concerned. As each flower of Campanula 

 pyramidalis comes into blossom, I intend to cut away the 

 whole of .the true stigmatic branches, leaving only the lower 

 portion of the style covered with hairs and pollen. Should 

 perfect seeds ripen upon this plant, the question will, I think, 

 be satisfactorily decided. 



August 1811. 



XI. — On some species of European Pines. By Capt. S. E. 

 Widdrington*, R.N. 



In a paper which was read before the British Association at 

 Newcastle (Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. ii. p. 163), the two species of 

 P. austriaca and P. Pumilio were not fully described, nor 

 their places in the system as to elevation assigned. This de- 

 ficiency, which was caused by my not having seen these spe- 

 cies growing in their natural sites, a recent tour in Austria 

 and Upper Germany has enabled me to supply. 



The Pinus austriaca of the English, P. nigrescens of the 

 German botanists, partly covers, as it no doubt once did en- 

 tirely, the plain of Austria to the south and east of Vienna. 

 There is an extensive remnant of it between Neustadt and the 

 foot of the Scmering range, which divides Austria and Styria. 

 It also partly clothes the hills near Baden ; but in ascending 

 the range it soon disappears, and is replaced liy the spruce 

 and Scotch firs. I am not aware of its being seen to the north 

 of the localities I have mentioned, nor in the northern pro- 

 longation of the range, there called the Wiener Wald. In 

 Styria I never saw it to the north of the river Muhr ; but it 

 ranges to the south of Styria, forming a sort of link between 

 the European pine series and that of the Caucasus and of 

 Asia. On considering the elevation and geography of these ha- 



* Late Cook. Read in the Section of Zoology and Botany at the meeting 

 of the British Association, Plymouth, and comnumicated by the Author. 

 See his paper on Pinus and Abies, Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. iii. \^. 2W). 



