122 Mr. Westwood on the Sexes in certain Lucanidae. 



and which had been regarded by the Rev. F. W. Hope as a 

 species of Pholidotus {Ph. irroratus, H., Trans. Zool. Soc.*), 

 and by myself as constituting a subgenus of Pholidotus [Scor- 

 tizus, W., in Ann. d. Sci. Nat., 2nd Ser. t. i. p. 119), was na- 

 turally referable to the group of Lticani dee typiijedhy Figulus, 

 MacL. (consisting of the genera Figulus, Nigidius, Cardanus, 

 W., and Ce7'atognathiis,W .), being, like those genera, furnished 

 with a corneous hook at the extremity of the mando or in- 

 ternal lobe of the maxillae. My drawings comprised a repre- 

 sentation of the maxillae, and exhibited this hook ; but in the 

 plate published in the ' Transactions of the Zoological Society ' 

 the figure of this organ was omitted. 



The existence of two other Bi'azilian species of Lucanidce 

 closely allied to Scortizus, but of a narrower form, approach- 

 ing that of the Figulides, and which also possessed a similar 

 hook, appeared to confirm Dr. Burmeister's views, although the 

 general form of Scoj'tizus irroratus, and especially the par- 

 tially squamose surface of the body, seemed equally to bring it 

 into connexion with Pholidotus. 



Having years ago discovered that the females of Pholidotus 

 possess a similar hookfj although it is wanting in the males, 

 it appeared to me that this circumstance gave a more direct 

 clue to the solution of the question than any other that could 

 be offered. The unique specimen, however, in Mr. Hope's 

 collection being a female, it became necessary to examine the 

 other sex, and fortunately the valuable collection of Brazilian 

 insects of Mr. Miers afforded an example of both sexes ; and 

 on dissecting the male, I found, as I had anticipated, that its 

 maxillae were destitute of any corneous hook, thus proving 

 the relationship of Scortizus and Pholidotus. Being further 

 anxious to ascertain whether this sexual distinction might 

 not also exist amongst the Figulideous species, the specimens 

 of which hitherto dissected might possibly have been females 

 alone — whilst the males hitherto luidissected might have been 

 destitute of such hook, which latter is in fact the cliaracter 

 assigned by Mr. MacLeay to his genus Figulus in the ' Horae 

 Entomologicae,' — I submitted all my exotic Lucanidce (except 

 those of the genus Lucanus) to the test of dissection, and the 

 result has been the discovery of the existence of a similar sex- 

 ual distinction in the genus Lamprima ; whereas in Nigidius 

 and CeratognatJius, W., the males of which are at once recog- 

 nisable by the increased size of the mandibles, I found the 



* Lucanus viacidatus, King, in Nova Acta. 



t Mr. MacLeay formed the female of this genus into the genus Casignetus 

 in the ' Ilorie Entomologicii?,' overlooking however this curious character, 

 but suggesting its generic identity with I'/iulidotus. 



