196 Mr. J. McClelland on Indian Cyprinidae. 



from my analysis of Indian Cyprinida, to be equivalent groups, 

 and thus show at once how far this family of fishes is calcu- 

 lated to exemplify the great leading principles of analogy dis- 

 covered by Mr. MacLeay. 



Fara.of Analogical Characters. Orders of the Orders of Tribes of 



Cyprinidae. Typical. Mammalia. Birds. Insessores. 



PPre-eminent in their") 



I powers of prehension, | 



Pseonomin?e...«^ and in general organi- )>Quadrunian3e. Insessores. Conirostres. 



j zation; claws, spines or | 



(_ nails not acute. J 



Suhtyplcal, 

 fRapacious, feeding upon"! 



Sarcoborin^...J live animals; claws or U^^.^ Raptores. Dentirostres. 



> other organs ot torture f 

 (_ acute. J 



Aberrant. 

 Natatorial. 



fHead or rostrum flat and") 

 I large ; anterior extre- j 



Platycara and ' mities more developed I Cetacea Natatores. Fissirostres. 



rcECilianae . > in proportion than the .' 



posterior — habits car- j 



(_ nivorous. J 



Suctorial. 



rSize diminutive; upper") 



P3ilorhynchus.J jaw, mandible or snout ijj^^^ Grallatores. Tenuirostres. 



•' > prolonged ; run, ily, or f 



(_ swim very ffist. J 



Rasorial. 



("Head ornamented either") 

 I with horns or soft ap- j 



Cobitinae ...... "^ pendages — habits gra- ^Ungulata Rasores. Scansores. 



I nivorous or lierbivo- j 

 L rous. J 



50. It would be too much to expect from the materials of 

 one zoological province to demonstrate satisfactorily all the 

 properties of natural groups in the minor divisions of this fa- 

 mily. That its typical and subtypical groups are circular is 

 plain enough, from the diminution in the length of the intes- 

 tinal canal we experience in passing from the Cirrhins to the 

 Barbels ; and again, from the Barbels through the Gono- 

 rhynchs to the Gudgeons that canal becomes longer, indi- 

 cating an union between the latter and the group from which 

 we set out. 



The same thing is observed in passing from the Systoms 

 through the Opsarions, Perilamps and Leuciscs ; a tendency 



